<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss version="2.0"><channel><title>物理群星 · Giants of Physics</title><description>站在巨人的肩膀上，看见更远的宇宙</description><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/</link><language>zh-CN</language><item><title>皮埃尔·阿戈斯蒂尼（Pierre Agostini）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/agostini/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/agostini/</guid><description>他先发现电子会「超额」吸收光子，二十二年后又用同一件事量出了阿秒脉冲的长度</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>光学</category><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>赤崎勇（Isamu Akasaki）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/akasaki/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/akasaki/</guid><description>全世界都放弃了氮化镓，他一个人接着做——二十年后蓝光从那条路上出来</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>凝聚态</category></item><item><title>天野浩（Hiroshi Amano）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/amano/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/amano/</guid><description>加热器坏了，长不上高温——将错就错的那一炉，长出了三十年来第一块平整的氮化镓</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>凝聚态</category></item><item><title>安德烈-马里·安培（André-Marie Ampère）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/ampere/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/ampere/</guid><description>在听说奥斯特实验的一周之内，就建起了电动力学</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>电磁学</category></item><item><title>菲利普·安德森（Philip Warren Anderson）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/anderson/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/anderson/</guid><description>「多者异也」——他用四个字反驳了「一切最终归结为粒子物理」</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>凝聚态</category></item><item><title>弗朗索瓦·阿拉戈（François Arago）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/arago/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/arago/</guid><description>泊松算出「圆盘影子正中该有个亮点」并认为这足以荒谬到终结波动说，他的回应是去看一眼——十九世纪法国物理的好几个转折，都发生在他决定动手的那一刻</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>光学</category><category>电磁学</category><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>阿基米德（Archimedes of Syracuse）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/archimedes/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/archimedes/</guid><description>先把杠杆与浮力写成公理和命题，再拿杠杆去「称」面积与体积的人</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>力学</category><category>数学物理</category></item><item><title>阿兰·阿斯佩（Alain Aspect）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/aspect/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/aspect/</guid><description>光子还在飞，测量方向就已经换过了——他把「两边来不及通气」做成了实验事实</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>量子力学</category></item><item><title>亚里士多德（Aristotle）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/aristotle/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/aristotle/</guid><description>第一个把「东西为什么会动」写成一整套理论的人；这套理论错了，却在流体里的日常世界中对了两千年</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>力学</category><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>阿莫迪欧·阿伏伽德罗（Amedeo Avogadro）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/avogadro/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/avogadro/</guid><description>律师出身的都灵伯爵，1811 年提出「同温同压下同体积的气体含有同样多的分子」，并让单质气体的分子一分为二——化学界花了半个世纪才接受</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>热学与统计</category><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>约翰·巴丁（John Bardeen）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/bardeen/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/bardeen/</guid><description>史上唯一两度获得诺贝尔物理学奖的人</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>凝聚态</category><category>量子力学</category></item><item><title>尼古拉·巴索夫（Nikolay G. Basov）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/basov/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/basov/</guid><description>从战场回来的医务助理，先造出氨分子激射器，又想到用半导体发光、用激光点燃核聚变</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>光学</category></item><item><title>亨利·贝克勒尔（Henri Becquerel）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/becquerel/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/becquerel/</guid><description>巴黎连着几天阴天，他把铀盐和底片一起收进抽屉——放射性因此被发现</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>雅各布·贝肯斯坦（Jacob Bekenstein）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/bekenstein/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/bekenstein/</guid><description>还是研究生时他就说黑洞有熵，全世界的黑洞专家都说他错了——领头反对的那个人后来算出了黑洞的温度</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>相对论</category><category>天体与宇宙学</category><category>热学与统计</category></item><item><title>乔斯林·贝尔·伯内尔（Jocelyn Bell Burnell）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/bell-burnell/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/bell-burnell/</guid><description>二十四岁在几公里长的纸带上认出一点「多余的杂波」，诺贝尔奖发给了她导师</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>约翰·贝尔（John Stewart Bell）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/bell/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/bell/</guid><description>把爱因斯坦与玻尔的论战，从哲学拉进实验室的人</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>量子力学</category></item><item><title>本杰明·富兰克林（Benjamin Franklin）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/benjamin-franklin/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/benjamin-franklin/</guid><description>退休印刷商用一根玻璃管重写了电学——电只有一种，只会转移不会凭空产生；「正」「负」两个字从他开始，避雷针也是</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>电磁学</category></item><item><title>汉斯·贝特（Hans Bethe）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/bethe/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/bethe/</guid><description>算清了太阳为什么会发光，也算清了原子弹为什么会炸</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>费利克斯·布洛赫（Felix Bloch）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/bloch/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/bloch/</guid><description>博士论文解释了金属为什么导电，二十年后又让人类看见了活体的内部</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>凝聚态</category><category>量子力学</category></item><item><title>尼尔斯·玻尔（Niels Bohr）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/bohr/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/bohr/</guid><description>为原子立法、与爱因斯坦论战三十年的哥本哈根掌门人</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>量子力学</category><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>路德维希·玻尔兹曼（Ludwig Boltzmann）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/boltzmann/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/boltzmann/</guid><description>用概率驯服了熵与时间之箭的人</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>热学与统计</category></item><item><title>马克斯·玻恩（Max Born）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/born/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/born/</guid><description>认出矩阵、读懂波函数的人——把概率写进自然律的哥廷根舵手</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>量子力学</category><category>数学物理</category></item><item><title>萨特延德拉·纳特·玻色（Satyendra Nath Bose）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/bose/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/bose/</guid><description>用一篇四页论文让光子重新排队、让「玻色子」有了名字的人</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>量子力学</category><category>热学与统计</category></item><item><title>罗伯特·玻意耳（Robert Boyle）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/boyle/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/boyle/</guid><description>用一台抽气机和一根 J 形管，让「空气的弹性」成了可以量、可以重复、可以当众见证的东西</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>热学与统计</category><category>力学</category></item><item><title>第谷·布拉赫（Tycho Brahe）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/brahe/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/brahe/</guid><description>望远镜出现之前最好的眼睛——他把肉眼观测推到角分以内，留下的数据让开普勒找到了椭圆</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>沃尔特·布拉顿（Walter Houser Brattain）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/brattain/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/brattain/</guid><description>生在厦门、长在华盛顿州牧场的实验物理学家，把巴丁的理论一次次接成电路——1947 年 12 月 23 日下午通电的那台装置，是他亲手接的</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>凝聚态</category></item><item><title>布赖恩·施密特（Brian P. Schmidt）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/brian-schmidt/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/brian-schmidt/</guid><description>二十七岁组队去量宇宙减速得有多快，三年后他核对完学生的算式，说自己的反应介于惊奇与惊恐之间</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>罗伯特·布劳特（Robert Brout）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/brout/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/brout/</guid><description>为了朋友辞掉康奈尔教职搬到布鲁塞尔，和他一起最早写出质量起源的机制，却在希格斯玻色子被发现前一年去世</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category></item><item><title>卡尔·安德森（Carl David Anderson）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/carl-anderson/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/carl-anderson/</guid><description>拍了一张弯错方向的径迹，把反物质从方程里请到了桌面上</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>萨迪·卡诺（Sadi Carnot）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/carnot/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/carnot/</guid><description>用一本无人问津的小册子划定了所有发动机的极限</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>热学与统计</category></item><item><title>亨利·卡文迪什（Henry Cavendish）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/cavendish/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/cavendish/</guid><description>他称出了地球的重量，也把一个世纪的电学发现锁在抽屉里没发表</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>力学</category><category>电磁学</category></item><item><title>詹姆斯·查德威克（James Chadwick）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/chadwick/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/chadwick/</guid><description>用两个星期找到了一颗不带电的粒子，原子核从此可以被打开</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>欧文·张伯伦（Owen Chamberlain）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/chamberlain/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/chamberlain/</guid><description>反质子实验的主心骨——用磁铁定动量、用飞行时间与切连科夫计数器定速度，从四万多个 π 介子里认出一个反质子</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>苏布拉马尼扬·钱德拉塞卡（Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/chandrasekhar/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/chandrasekhar/</guid><description>十九岁在开往英国的船上算出恒星的死亡界限，被导师当众羞辱了半个世纪</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category><category>相对论</category></item><item><title>赵忠尧（Chung-Yao Chao）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/chao/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/chao/</guid><description>1930 年测到硬伽马射线在铅里的反常吸收，和一种约 0.5 MeV、各向同性的额外辐射——两年后人们才认出那是电子对的产生与湮灭</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category><category>粒子物理</category></item><item><title>帕维尔·切连科夫（Pavel A. Cherenkov）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/cherenkov/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/cherenkov/</guid><description>在全黑的屋子里坐一个半小时、用自己的眼睛当光度计，看见了带电粒子在水里「跑赢光」时发出的那一缕蓝光</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category><category>光学</category></item><item><title>吴健雄（Chien-Shiung Wu）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/chien-shiung-wu/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/chien-shiung-wu/</guid><description>用钴-60 打碎镜像世界的「东方居里夫人」</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category><category>粒子物理</category></item><item><title>约翰·克劳泽（John F. Clauser）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/clauser/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/clauser/</guid><description>他想用实验推翻量子力学，结果亲手替它拿到了第一份判决书</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>量子力学</category></item><item><title>朱棣文（Steven Chu）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/chu/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/chu/</guid><description>用六束激光熬出一锅「光学糖浆」把原子冷住，又用夹住玻璃球的光去拉单个 DNA 分子——六十岁时又去当了美国能源部长</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category><category>光学</category></item><item><title>鲁道夫·克劳修斯（Rudolf Clausius）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/clausius/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/clausius/</guid><description>为「不可逆」造了一个词的人</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>热学与统计</category></item><item><title>约翰·考克饶夫（John Douglas Cockcroft）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/cockcroft/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/cockcroft/</guid><description>读懂了伽莫夫的隧穿，用几十万伏的质子第一次打碎了原子核，后来又替英国建起原子能研究所</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>克洛德·科恩-塔诺季（Claude Cohen-Tannoudji）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/cohen-tannoudji/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/cohen-tannoudji/</guid><description>圣诞夜看到的一点光频移，二十八年后成了解开「原子为什么比理论还冷」的钥匙；他与人合写的《量子力学》至今是物理系常用的教科书</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category><category>量子力学</category><category>光学</category></item><item><title>阿瑟·康普顿（Arthur Holly Compton）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/compton/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/compton/</guid><description>让 X 射线撞电子，撞出了「光子确实是粒子」的判决性证据</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>量子力学</category><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>利昂·库珀（Leon N. Cooper）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/cooper/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/cooper/</guid><description>二十六岁时证明：填满的费米海之上，再微弱的吸引也一定能把两个电子绑成一对</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>凝聚态</category><category>量子力学</category></item><item><title>尼古拉·哥白尼（Nicolaus Copernicus）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/copernicus/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/copernicus/</guid><description>把地球从宇宙中心挪开的人，等到临终那天才敢让书出版</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>埃里克·康奈尔（Eric A. Cornell）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/cornell/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/cornell/</guid><description>1995 年 6 月 5 日，他和威曼在一张牌桌就能摆下的装置里，看见了爱因斯坦七十年前算出、却连爱因斯坦自己都不太相信的那团东西</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category><category>热学与统计</category></item><item><title>夏尔-奥古斯丁·库仑（Charles-Augustin de Coulomb）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/coulomb/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/coulomb/</guid><description>用一根细丝，第一次称出了电力的大小</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>电磁学</category><category>力学</category></item><item><title>詹姆斯·克罗宁（James Cronin）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/cronin/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/cronin/</guid><description>他造的火花室在一束「只该衰变成三个 π」的中性 K 介子里，拍到了约千分之二的两 π 事例——CP 对称性就此破了；晚年又去阿根廷草原上铺了三千平方公里的水箱，接天上能量最高的宇宙线</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>C.T.R. 威尔逊（Charles Thomson Rees Wilson）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/ctr-wilson/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/ctr-wilson/</guid><description>他想复现山顶上的彩虹，结果造出了粒子物理最早的眼睛</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category><category>光学</category></item><item><title>玛丽·居里（Marie Curie）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/curie/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/curie/</guid><description>在漏雨棚屋里点亮放射性时代的两届诺奖得主</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>丹尼尔·伯努利（Daniel Bernoulli）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/daniel-bernoulli/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/daniel-bernoulli/</guid><description>十年写成《流体动力学》，父亲把自己那本的年份倒填到更早——学术史上最著名的一次抢先</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>力学</category><category>热学与统计</category><category>数学物理</category></item><item><title>路易·德布罗意（Louis de Broglie）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/de-broglie/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/de-broglie/</guid><description>用一篇博士论文让整个物质世界荡起波纹的公爵</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>量子力学</category></item><item><title>汉弗里·戴维（Humphry Davy）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/davy/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/davy/</guid><description>用电堆把钾和钠从化合物里拽出来，用一层金属网让矿井里的火焰点不着瓦斯——顺带收了一个叫法拉第的装订学徒当助手</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>电磁学</category><category>热学与统计</category></item><item><title>彼得·德拜（Peter Joseph William Debye）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/debye/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/debye/</guid><description>他的名字变成了一个单位、一个温度、一段长度和一个因子，四样东西分属四个不同的领域</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>凝聚态</category><category>热学与统计</category></item><item><title>勒内·笛卡尔（René Descartes）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/descartes/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/descartes/</guid><description>第一个把「运动的物体沿直线一直走下去」写成自然律的人；正弦折射定律最早由他印成书，彩虹的 42 度也是他一条光线一条光线算出来的</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>力学</category><category>光学</category><category>数学物理</category><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>克里斯蒂安·多普勒（Christian Andreas Doppler）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/doppler/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/doppler/</guid><description>生前最后一年，科学院判他的原理「已被证明是错的，应予放弃」；今天从测速雷达到系外行星都在用它</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>光学</category><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>弗里曼·戴森（Freeman Dyson）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/dyson/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/dyson/</guid><description>费曼画图、施温格写算符、朝永在东京另起一套，三个人谁也说服不了谁；一个二十四岁、一辈子没拿博士学位的英国人在长途巴士上把它们对上了号</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category><category>数学物理</category></item><item><title>亚瑟·爱丁顿（Arthur Stanley Eddington）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/eddington/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/eddington/</guid><description>一战刚结束，他带着英国的望远镜去证明一个德国人是对的</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category><category>相对论</category></item><item><title>保罗·埃伦费斯特（Paul Ehrenfest）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/ehrenfest/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/ehrenfest/</guid><description>玻尔兹曼的学生、洛伦兹的继任者、爱因斯坦与玻尔共同的挚友；他用最简单的模型把物理的基础问题问到最清楚，在莱顿带出了一整代理论物理学家</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>热学与统计</category><category>量子力学</category></item><item><title>保罗·狄拉克（Paul Dirac）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/dirac/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/dirac/</guid><description>用一行方程预言了反物质的沉默者</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>量子力学</category><category>粒子物理</category></item><item><title>阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦（Albert Einstein）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/einstein/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/einstein/</guid><description>重新定义了时间、空间与引力的人</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>相对论</category><category>量子力学</category><category>热学与统计</category></item><item><title>弗朗索瓦·恩格勒（François Englert）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/englert/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/englert/</guid><description>战时靠陌生人藏匿活下来的孩子，与挚友布劳特最早写出了规范粒子获得质量的机制</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category></item><item><title>莱昂哈德·欧拉（Leonhard Euler）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/euler/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/euler/</guid><description>双目失明之后，他的产量反而涨了上去——1775 年平均每周一篇论文</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>力学</category><category>数学物理</category></item><item><title>迈克尔·法拉第（Michael Faraday）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/faraday/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/faraday/</guid><description>从装订学徒到电磁学之父的实验大师</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>电磁学</category></item><item><title>恩里科·费米（Enrico Fermi）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/fermi/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/fermi/</guid><description>点燃人类第一炉核火的理论与实验双绝</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category><category>粒子物理</category><category>热学与统计</category></item><item><title>理查德·费曼（Richard Feynman）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/feynman/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/feynman/</guid><description>把量子世界画成简笔画的顽童物理学家</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>量子力学</category><category>粒子物理</category></item><item><title>莱昂·傅科（Léon Foucault）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/foucault/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/foucault/</guid><description>在万神殿挂上一个摆，让所有人亲眼看见地球在转</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>力学</category><category>光学</category></item><item><title>约瑟夫·傅里叶（Joseph Fourier）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/fourier/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/fourier/</guid><description>为了算清热怎么传，他造出了一把此后两百年物理学天天在用的工具</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>热学与统计</category><category>数学物理</category></item><item><title>瓦尔·菲奇（Val Fitch）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/fitch/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/fitch/</guid><description>内布拉斯加牧场长大的孩子，二十岁穿着军装在洛斯阿拉莫斯学会了电子学；后来用 μ 子原子量出原子核比想象的小，又和克罗宁一起在中性 K 介子里看到了 CP 破坏</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>威廉·福勒（William Alfred Fowler）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/fowler/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/fowler/</guid><description>一个英国人跑进他的实验室说「碳-12 一定有个能级，否则我们不会存在」——他把手头的活停了去找，几个月后找到了</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>詹姆斯·弗兰克（James Franck）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/franck/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/franck/</guid><description>用电子撞汞原子、量出 4.9 伏台阶的人——当时他把它当成电离，后来才认出那是玻尔的定态</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category><category>量子力学</category></item><item><title>约瑟夫·冯·夫琅禾费（Joseph von Fraunhofer）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/fraunhofer/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/fraunhofer/</guid><description>玻璃匠的第十一个孩子、被塌掉的房子埋过的孤儿学徒——他为了给工厂的玻璃定一把尺子，把棱镜对准了太阳</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>光学</category><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>弗雷德里克·约里奥（Frédéric Joliot）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/frederic-joliot/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/frederic-joliot/</guid><description>最先在实验台上看见人工放射性的人；率先证明裂变放出多余中子，后来又带头呼吁禁止原子武器</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>奥古斯丁·菲涅耳（Augustin-Jean Fresnel）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/fresnel/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/fresnel/</guid><description>一个修路的工程师，被停职软禁在家的那段时间里写出了衍射理论</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>光学</category></item><item><title>亚历山大·弗里德曼（Alexander Friedmann）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/friedmann/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/friedmann/</guid><description>比勒梅特早五年算出宇宙会膨胀，爱因斯坦先说他算错了，一年后收回</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category><category>相对论</category></item><item><title>伽利略·伽利雷（Galileo Galilei）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/galileo/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/galileo/</guid><description>把望远镜指向天空、让实验裁决理论的人</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>力学</category><category>光学</category><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>奥托·罗伯特·弗里施（Otto Robert Frisch）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/frisch/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/frisch/</guid><description>「裂变」这个词是他取的；证明一公斤铀就够做一颗炸弹的那两页纸，也是他写的</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>乔治·伽莫夫（George Gamow）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/gamow/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/gamow/</guid><description>划着皮划艇想逃出苏联，失败两次；后来预言了宇宙微波背景，也没人当真</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>卡尔·弗里德里希·高斯（Carl Friedrich Gauss）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/gauss/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/gauss/</guid><description>数学之外，他花了二十年测地磁——顺手定下了「一切物理量都能用力学单位表示」</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>电磁学</category><category>数学物理</category></item><item><title>汉斯·盖革（Hans Geiger）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/geiger/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/geiger/</guid><description>把「在暗室里用眼睛数闪光」换成「让仪器自己响一声」——原子核就是从他数出来的那几颗反弹粒子里冒出来的</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>安德烈·海姆（Andre Geim）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/geim/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/geim/</guid><description>让青蛙在磁场里飘起来拿了搞笑诺贝尔奖，十年后用透明胶带撕出石墨烯拿了真的诺贝尔奖</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>凝聚态</category></item><item><title>默里·盖尔曼（Murray Gell-Mann）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/gell-mann/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/gell-mann/</guid><description>给粒子动物园排座次、把强子拆成夸克的人</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category></item><item><title>约西亚·威拉德·吉布斯（Josiah Willard Gibbs）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/gibbs/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/gibbs/</guid><description>在耶鲁无薪任教九年，把三百页论文发在几乎没人读的期刊上</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>热学与统计</category><category>数学物理</category></item><item><title>赖因哈德·根策尔（Reinhard Genzel）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/genzel/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/genzel/</guid><description>盯着银河系中心的几颗星看了三十年，称出那里藏着一个四百万倍太阳质量的黑洞</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category><category>相对论</category></item><item><title>维塔利·金兹堡（Vitaly Ginzburg）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/ginzburg/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/ginzburg/</guid><description>妻子被流放让他丢了涉密资格，他说这反而救了他</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>凝聚态</category><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>安德烈娅·盖兹（Andrea Ghez）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/ghez/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/ghez/</guid><description>在夏威夷的山顶盯着银河系正中央的一小片天空二十多年，靠一颗十六年转一圈的恒星称出了四百万个太阳重的黑洞</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category><category>相对论</category></item><item><title>谢尔登·格拉肖（Sheldon Lee Glashow）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/glashow/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/glashow/</guid><description>二十九岁写下电弱统一的骨架，却缺一块拼图，只好等别人来补</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category></item><item><title>唐纳德·格拉泽（Donald Arthur Glaser）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/glaser/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/glaser/</guid><description>二十五六岁时用一小管过热乙醚发明了气泡室，三十四岁独得诺贝尔奖，然后转身去研究细菌、癌变与人眼怎样看见运动</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>玛丽亚·格佩特-梅耶（Maria Goeppert Mayer）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/goeppert-mayer/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/goeppert-mayer/</guid><description>无薪做了近三十年研究，然后解开了原子核的幻数</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category><category>量子力学</category></item><item><title>乔治·格林（George Green）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/green/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/green/</guid><description>一个磨坊工人自学出的一本小册子，卖了 51 份，此后成了整个物理学解方程的通用办法</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>数学物理</category><category>电磁学</category></item><item><title>戴维·格罗斯（David J. Gross）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/gross/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/gross/</guid><description>他本想证明量子场论不可能描述强相互作用，把各类理论一个个排除，算到最后一类时撞见了一个负号</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category></item><item><title>古斯塔夫·赫兹（Gustav Ludwig Hertz）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/gustav-hertz/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/gustav-hertz/</guid><description>海因里希·赫兹的侄子；与弗兰克用电子撞出原子的能级，后来又用扩散级联分开了同位素</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category><category>量子力学</category></item><item><title>阿兰·古斯（Alan Guth）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/guth/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/guth/</guid><description>干洗店老板的儿子，做了九年博士后还没找到固定教职——1979 年 12 月的一页笔记上，他画了个双框，写下「惊人的领悟」</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category><category>粒子物理</category></item><item><title>奥托·哈恩（Otto Hahn）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/hahn/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/hahn/</guid><description>化学家用化学的办法证明了铀核裂成两半，却说不出这在物理上意味着什么</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>邓肯·霍尔丹（F. Duncan M. Haldane）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/haldane/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/haldane/</guid><description>那篇被多家期刊退稿的论文，三十三年后拿了诺贝尔奖</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>凝聚态</category><category>数学物理</category></item><item><title>威廉·罗恩·哈密顿（William Rowan Hamilton）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/hamilton/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/hamilton/</guid><description>那个 H 无处不在——他把力学写成的形式，一百年后成了量子力学的骨架</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>力学</category><category>数学物理</category></item><item><title>克劳斯·哈塞尔曼（Klaus Hasselmann）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/hasselmann/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/hasselmann/</guid><description>天气是噪声，气候是这团噪声推着走出来的轨迹——他用布朗运动讲清了两者的关系</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>热学与统计</category></item><item><title>史蒂芬·霍金（Stephen Hawking）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/hawking/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/hawking/</guid><description>在轮椅上丈量宇宙、让黑洞发光的人</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category><category>相对论</category><category>量子力学</category></item><item><title>何泽慧（He Zehui (Ho Zah-Wei)）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/he-zehui/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/he-zehui/</guid><description>为了抗日去柏林学弹道学；在海德堡的云室里拍到正电子与电子的弹性碰撞；在巴黎与钱三强等人发现铀核三分裂，四分裂的短讯由她署名第一；回国后做出中国自己的核乳胶</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category><category>粒子物理</category></item><item><title>亥维赛（Oliver Heaviside）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/heaviside/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/heaviside/</guid><description>麦克斯韦写了二十条方程，今天课本上那四条是他删出来的</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>电磁学</category><category>数学物理</category></item><item><title>维尔纳·海森堡（Werner Heisenberg）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/heisenberg/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/heisenberg/</guid><description>在花粉症的孤岛上一夜重写力学的人</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>量子力学</category></item><item><title>赫尔曼·冯·亥姆霍兹（Hermann von Helmholtz）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/helmholtz/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/helmholtz/</guid><description>二十六岁写下能量守恒，却被《物理学年鉴》退了稿</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>热学与统计</category><category>光学</category><category>电磁学</category></item><item><title>约瑟夫·亨利（Joseph Henry）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/henry/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/henry/</guid><description>把绝缘导线一层层密绕在铁芯上的男校教师——造出当时最强的电磁铁，看见了自感，也给电报备好了原理</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>电磁学</category></item><item><title>海因里希·赫兹（Heinrich Hertz）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/hertz/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/hertz/</guid><description>第一个在实验室里造出、也接住了电磁波的人</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>电磁学</category></item><item><title>安东尼·休伊什（Antony Hewish）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/hewish/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/hewish/</guid><description>为研究射电源「闪烁」造了一台望远镜，结果它收到了第一颗脉冲星——也收下了此后半个世纪的争议</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>彼得·希格斯（Peter Higgs）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/higgs/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/higgs/</guid><description>为质量的起源写下一行方程，然后等了四十八年</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category></item><item><title>大卫·希尔伯特（David Hilbert）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/hilbert/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/hilbert/</guid><description>他把哥廷根变成全世界的数学中心，又活着看它在几个月里被拆光</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>数学物理</category></item><item><title>罗伯特·胡克（Robert Hooke）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/hooke/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/hooke/</guid><description>什么都做了一点、又什么都没能独占的人</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>力学</category><category>光学</category></item><item><title>弗雷德·霍伊尔（Fred Hoyle）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/hoyle/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/hoyle/</guid><description>他算出了恒星怎样造出碳，从而回答了「我们身上的原子从哪来」；也是他在广播里随口把对手的理论叫作「大爆炸」，然后用一生反对它</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>埃德温·哈勃（Edwin Hubble）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/hubble/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/hubble/</guid><description>把宇宙的边界推到银河系之外、并发现它正在膨胀的人</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>拉塞尔·赫尔斯（Russell Alan Hulse）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/hulse/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/hulse/</guid><description>二十三岁的研究生，为一颗周期总也量不准的脉冲星较了一个月的劲，较出了第一个脉冲双星</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category><category>相对论</category></item><item><title>克里斯蒂安·惠更斯（Christiaan Huygens）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/huygens/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/huygens/</guid><description>与牛顿争论光的本性、并且争对了的人</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>光学</category><category>力学</category><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>伊本·海什木（Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen)）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/ibn-al-haytham/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/ibn-al-haytham/</guid><description>让视觉理论倒过来——光从物体进入眼睛——并把「拿实验去考验」写进光学书里的人</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>光学</category><category>数学物理</category></item><item><title>伊雷娜·约里奥-居里（Irène Joliot-Curie）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/irene-joliot-curie/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/irene-joliot-curie/</guid><description>第一次亲手造出放射性元素的居里家长女，离中子与裂变都只差一步</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>J. J. 汤姆孙（Joseph John Thomson）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/jj-thomson/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/jj-thomson/</guid><description>发现了第一个比原子还小的东西，从此原子不再是「不可分」</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category><category>电磁学</category></item><item><title>帕斯夸尔·约尔当（Pascual Jordan）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/jordan/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/jordan/</guid><description>矩阵力学的数学执笔人、量子场论的开路人——也是创始者里唯一加入过纳粹党、始终没拿到诺奖的那一位</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>量子力学</category><category>数学物理</category><category>相对论</category></item><item><title>约瑟夫·泰勒（Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr.）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/joseph-taylor/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/joseph-taylor/</guid><description>把一颗脉冲星当成钟，对着它一连计时三十年，量出了引力波从双星身上带走的能量</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category><category>相对论</category></item><item><title>布赖恩·约瑟夫森（Brian David Josephson）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/josephson/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/josephson/</guid><description>二十二岁的研究生算出一件权威说不可能的事，然后一辈子站在主流之外</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>凝聚态</category><category>量子力学</category></item><item><title>詹姆斯·焦耳（James Prescott Joule）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/joule/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/joule/</guid><description>一个啤酒商，用温度计的小数点后两位改写了物理学</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>热学与统计</category></item><item><title>梶田隆章（Takaaki Kajita）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/kajita/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/kajita/</guid><description>为找质子衰变写的一段粒子识别程序，数出了少掉的 μ 中微子——十年后他在高山的讲台上宣布：中微子有质量</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>高锟（Charles K. Kao）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/kao/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/kao/</guid><description>论证了一根玻璃丝可以承载整个世界的通信</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>光学</category><category>电磁学</category></item><item><title>彼得·卡皮察（Pyotr Kapitsa）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/kapitsa/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/kapitsa/</guid><description>在剑桥与莫斯科之间被扣留、仍发现超流的低温魔术师</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>凝聚态</category><category>电磁学</category></item><item><title>开尔文勋爵（William Thomson, Lord Kelvin）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/kelvin/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/kelvin/</guid><description>给温度定下了真正的零点，也给大西洋两岸接上了第一根电报线</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>热学与统计</category><category>电磁学</category></item><item><title>约翰内斯·开普勒（Johannes Kepler）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/kepler/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/kepler/</guid><description>第一个让行星服从数学定律的人</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category><category>数学物理</category><category>光学</category></item><item><title>罗伊·克尔（Roy Kerr）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/kerr/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/kerr/</guid><description>用一页半写下转动黑洞的精确解，六十年后又回头问它有没有底</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>相对论</category><category>数学物理</category></item><item><title>汤姆·基布尔（Tom W. B. 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Michael Kosterlitz）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/kosterlitz/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/kosterlitz/</guid><description>走投无路时挨个办公室敲门问「有没有题给我做」，敲出了一场诺贝尔奖</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>凝聚态</category><category>数学物理</category></item><item><title>亨德里克·克拉默斯（Hendrik Anthony Kramers）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/kramers/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/kramers/</guid><description>玻尔的第一个助手，量子力学诞生前夜的色散理论家；WKB、克拉默斯-克勒尼希关系、克拉默斯简并都带着他的名字</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>量子力学</category><category>数学物理</category><category>热学与统计</category></item><item><title>费伦茨·克劳斯（Ferenc Krausz）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/krausz/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/krausz/</guid><description>2001 年他从谐波里切出单个 650 阿秒的闪光——人类第一次有了比原子内电子运动更快的快门</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>光学</category><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>肯尼斯·威尔逊（Kenneth G. Wilson）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/kwilson/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/kwilson/</guid><description>康奈尔给了他终身教职，而他在此之前几乎什么都没发表</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>热学与统计</category><category>粒子物理</category></item><item><title>列夫·朗道（Lev Landau）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/landau/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/landau/</guid><description>把整个理论物理装进一门考试的苏联学派宗师</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>凝聚态</category><category>量子力学</category><category>热学与统计</category></item><item><title>约瑟夫-路易·拉格朗日（Joseph-Louis Lagrange）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/lagrange/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/lagrange/</guid><description>一本没有一张插图的力学著作，把牛顿的几何换成了代数</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>力学</category><category>数学物理</category></item><item><title>威利斯·兰姆（Willis Eugene Lamb Jr.）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/lamb/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/lamb/</guid><description>他在氢原子上量出一条千兆赫宽的裂缝，逼得整个量子场论推倒重来</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category><category>量子力学</category><category>光学</category></item><item><title>保罗·朗之万（Paul Langevin）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/langevin/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/langevin/</guid><description>第一条随机微分方程、第一个「双生子」、第一套能听见潜艇的声呐，都出自同一个人——而中文世界记住他，多半是因为 1911 年的一桩绯闻</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>热学与统计</category><category>电磁学</category><category>相对论</category></item><item><title>皮埃尔-西蒙·拉普拉斯（Pierre-Simon Laplace）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/laplace/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/laplace/</guid><description>他用五卷书证明太阳系不需要上帝定期检修，也顺手写下了那个被称为「拉普拉斯妖」的念头</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category><category>数学物理</category></item><item><title>马克斯·冯·劳厄（Max von Laue）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/laue/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/laue/</guid><description>一张曝光了几个小时的照片同时定下两件事：X 射线是波，晶体是原子排成的格子；二十年后，同一个人成了德国物理学界里几乎独自站着的那个</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>凝聚态</category><category>相对论</category><category>光学</category></item><item><title>罗伯特·劳克林（Robert B. Laughlin）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/laughlin/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/laughlin/</guid><description>在实验室围栏外一间活动板房里等安全许可时收到一份预印本，盯着最后一张图看了十秒，就知道那里有带三分之一电荷的激发</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>凝聚态</category><category>量子力学</category></item><item><title>劳伦斯·布拉格（William Lawrence Bragg）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/lawrence-bragg/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/lawrence-bragg/</guid><description>二十二岁读懂了那些斑点，二十五岁拿诺贝尔奖，然后用四十年把这门手艺交给了生物学</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>凝聚态</category><category>光学</category></item><item><title>亨丽爱塔·勒维特（Henrietta Swan Leavitt）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/leavitt/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/leavitt/</guid><description>时薪三十美分的「计算员」，给了人类第一把量宇宙的尺子</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>欧内斯特·劳伦斯（Ernest Orlando Lawrence）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/lawrence/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/lawrence/</guid><description>把直线卷成螺旋，也把物理学变成了一门需要预算和团队的事业</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>乔治·勒梅特（Georges Lemaître）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/lemaitre/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/lemaitre/</guid><description>一位神父比哈勃早两年算出宇宙在膨胀，论文发在没人看的期刊上</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category><category>相对论</category></item><item><title>海因里希·楞次（Heinrich Friedrich Emil Lenz）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/lenz/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/lenz/</guid><description>给感应电流定下方向的人——他原话说的是「运动」，今天课本说的是「磁通」</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>电磁学</category></item><item><title>安妮·吕利耶（Anne L&apos;Huillier）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/lhuillier/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/lhuillier/</guid><description>她把红外激光打进惰性气体，出来的却是一长排等强度的高次谐波——那道「平台」后来变成了阿秒脉冲</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>光学</category><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>亨德里克·洛伦兹（Hendrik Lorentz）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/lorentz/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/lorentz/</guid><description>经典物理的集大成者，为相对论备好数学的引路人</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>电磁学</category><category>相对论</category></item><item><title>安德烈·林德（Andrei Linde）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/linde/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/linde/</guid><description>1978 年他算到了那堵墙前面，掉头走开；三年后他绕了过去，深夜叫醒妻子说「我想我知道宇宙是怎么诞生的了」</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category><category>粒子物理</category></item><item><title>恩斯特·马赫（Ernst Mach）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/mach/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/mach/</guid><description>第一个把超声速拍成照片的人，也是第一个说「绝对空间在经验里根本指不出来」的人；而「马赫数」这个名字，是他死后十三年别人替他起的</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>力学</category><category>光学</category></item><item><title>西奥多·梅曼（Theodore Harold Maiman）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/maiman/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/maiman/</guid><description>别人说红宝石做不成激光，他把闪光灯电压调到 950 伏以上</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>光学</category><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>真锅淑郎（Syukuro Manabe）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/manabe/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/manabe/</guid><description>1967 年他算出「二氧化碳翻倍，地表升温 2.3 度」——半个多世纪过去，这个数几乎没动</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>热学与统计</category></item><item><title>益川敏英（Toshihide Maskawa）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/maskawa/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/maskawa/</guid><description>泡在澡盆里决定认输、写一篇「四种夸克不行」的论文，跨出浴缸那一刻想到：六种就行</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category></item><item><title>詹姆斯·克拉克·麦克斯韦（James Clerk Maxwell）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/maxwell/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/maxwell/</guid><description>用一组方程统一电、磁与光的人</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>电磁学</category><category>热学与统计</category></item><item><title>约翰·马瑟（John C. Mather）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/mather/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/mather/</guid><description>论文实验在气球上失灵，他说「放到太空里会好得多」——十五年后，宇宙微波背景成了人类量过的最标准的黑体</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>尤利乌斯·罗伯特·迈尔（Julius Robert Mayer）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/mayer/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/mayer/</guid><description>一个船医在爪哇放血时看见静脉血红得反常，由此在 1842 年第一个印出了热与功的汇率——然后用了近三十年等人承认</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>热学与统计</category><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>米歇尔·马约尔（Michel Mayor）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/mayor/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/mayor/</guid><description>他量的是恒星每秒挪动几十米——那点晃动来自一颗看不见的行星</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>莉泽·迈特纳（Lise Meitner）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/meitner/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/meitner/</guid><description>算出「原子核会一分为二」的人，也是诺奖史上最著名的遗漏</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>阿瑟·麦克唐纳（Arthur B. McDonald）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/mcdonald/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/mcdonald/</guid><description>在两千米深的镍矿里借来一千吨重水，同时数出电子中微子和全部中微子——证明太阳没算错，是中微子在路上换了身份</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category><category>天体与宇宙学</category><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>阿尔伯特·迈克尔逊（Albert Abraham Michelson）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/michelson/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/michelson/</guid><description>一辈子在量光速，最重要的那次却什么也没测到</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>光学</category><category>相对论</category></item><item><title>罗伯特·密立根（Robert Andrews Millikan）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/millikan/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/millikan/</guid><description>他花十年称出一个电子的电荷，又花十年想推翻爱因斯坦，最后替他把证明做完了</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category><category>量子力学</category></item><item><title>赫尔曼·闵可夫斯基（Hermann Minkowski）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/minkowski/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/minkowski/</guid><description>他曾说爱因斯坦是「懒狗」，四年后把学生的理论变成了几何</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>相对论</category><category>数学物理</category></item><item><title>鲁道夫·穆斯堡尔（Rudolf Ludwig Mößbauer）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/mossbauer/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/mossbauer/</guid><description>博士生时发现晶格能替原子核「吃掉」反冲，让伽马射线谱线窄到 10^{-13}——两年后有人用它称出了光子的重量</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category><category>凝聚态</category></item><item><title>亨利·莫塞莱（Henry Moseley）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/moseley/</link><guid 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Mourou）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/mourou/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/mourou/</guid><description>先把光脉冲拉长、放大，再压回去——啁啾脉冲放大让桌面激光的峰值功率一下子跳了几个数量级</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>光学</category></item><item><title>瓦尔特·能斯特（Walther Nernst）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/nernst/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/nernst/</guid><description>写下电池电动势的公式，提出热力学第三定律，把固体比热一路测到液氢温度，又说动一位实业家出钱召开了第一届索尔维会议</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>热学与统计</category><category>凝聚态</category></item><item><title>克劳德-路易·纳维（Claude-Louis Navier）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/navier/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/navier/</guid><description>用一套今天已被抛弃的分子图像，写出了一条至今还在解的流体方程；而他的本行是造桥</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>力学</category><category>数学物理</category></item><item><title>爱德华·莫雷（Edward Williams Morley）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/morley/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/morley/</guid><description>迈克尔逊-莫雷实验的另一半；他自己最看重的，是把氧的原子量量到万分之一</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>光学</category><category>相对论</category></item><item><title>艾萨克·牛顿（Isaac Newton）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/newton/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/newton/</guid><description>让天与地服从同一套定律的人</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>力学</category><category>光学</category><category>数学物理</category></item><item><title>康斯坦丁·诺沃肖洛夫（Konstantin Novoselov）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/novoselov/</link><guid 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Noether）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/noether/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/noether/</guid><description>证明「每一个对称，都藏着一条守恒律」的人</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>数学物理</category></item><item><title>汉斯·克里斯蒂安·奥斯特（Hans Christian Ørsted）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/oersted/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/oersted/</guid><description>一节课上，指南针在通电导线旁边动了一下——电与磁的第一次握手</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>电磁学</category></item><item><title>罗伯特·奥本海默（J. Robert Oppenheimer）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/oppenheimer/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/oppenheimer/</guid><description>同一年他算出了黑洞，也走上了通往三位一体试验场的路</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>拉斯·昂萨格（Lars Onsager）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/onsager/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/onsager/</guid><description>第一次听讲座就站起来指出主讲人错了，后来精确解出了没人解得出的模型</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>热学与统计</category><category>凝聚态</category></item><item><title>乔治·帕里西（Giorgio Parisi）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/parisi/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/parisi/</guid><description>他把 n 份复本分成「每组半份」——这个当时看来发疯的做法，解出了自旋玻璃</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>热学与统计</category><category>凝聚态</category><category>粒子物理</category></item><item><title>布莱兹·帕斯卡（Blaise Pascal）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/pascal/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/pascal/</guid><description>让姐夫扛着一根水银管爬上多姆山，量出山顶的空气比山脚轻——「自然厌恶真空」这句两千年的老话，从此换成了「空气有重量」</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>力学</category></item><item><title>沃尔夫冈·泡利（Wolfgang Pauli）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/pauli/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/pauli/</guid><description>「物理学的良心」——为电子立下规矩、为中微子留下名字的人</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>量子力学</category><category>粒子物理</category></item><item><title>詹姆斯·皮布尔斯（James Peebles）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/peebles/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/peebles/</guid><description>他接手宇宙学时，那是一门怎么说都行的学问；他交出去时，它已经能算到小数点后两位</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>塞西莉亚·佩恩-加波施金（Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/payne/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/payne/</guid><description>二十五岁算出恒星几乎全由氢构成，被前辈劝着在论文里写下「这个结果几乎肯定是不真实的」</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category><category>量子力学</category></item><item><title>阿诺·彭齐亚斯（Arno Allan Penzias）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/penzias/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/penzias/</guid><description>六岁被一列儿童专列送出纳粹德国，二十五年后在新泽西的一台天线上，听见了宇宙一百三十八亿年前留下的余温</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>罗杰·彭罗斯（Roger Penrose）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/penrose/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/penrose/</guid><description>用数学证明黑洞不是例外，而是广义相对论的必然结局</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category><category>相对论</category><category>数学物理</category></item><item><title>索尔·珀尔马特（Saul Perlmutter）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/perlmutter/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/perlmutter/</guid><description>他本来打算兼修哲学，最后用一台宽视场相机和一堆图像处理代码，把「宇宙会怎样结束」变成了一个能测出数值的问题</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>让·佩兰（Jean Baptiste Perrin）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/perrin/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/perrin/</guid><description>数出了看不见的原子——用一滴藤黄乳液里的颗粒，让「原子是否真实存在」不再是一个哲学问题</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>热学与统计</category><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>威廉·菲利普斯（William D. Phillips）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/phillips/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/phillips/</guid><description>为了造一台更好的原子钟去给原子刹车，结果把探测光放错了位置，量出的温度只有理论下限的六分之一</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category><category>光学</category></item><item><title>皮埃尔·居里（Pierre Curie）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/pierre-curie/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/pierre-curie/</guid><description>压电效应、居里定律、对称性原理都已经在他名下，他却放下晶体，陪妻子去沥青铀矿渣里找一种没人见过的元素</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>凝聚态</category><category>电磁学</category><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>马克斯·普朗克（Max Planck）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/planck/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/planck/</guid><description>在「绝望的一跃」中推开量子大门的保守革命者</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>量子力学</category><category>热学与统计</category></item><item><title>亨利·庞加莱（Henri Poincaré）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/poincare/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/poincare/</guid><description>1905 年他写下了洛伦兹群与相对性原理，却始终不肯放弃以太</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>相对论</category><category>力学</category><category>数学物理</category></item><item><title>休·戴维·波利策（H. David Politzer）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/politzer/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/politzer/</guid><description>二十三岁独自算出那个负号的哈佛研究生；三十一年后，他把整场诺贝尔演讲用来谈功劳该记在谁头上</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category></item><item><title>泊松（Siméon Denis Poisson）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/poisson/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/poisson/</guid><description>为驳倒波动说而算出的那个亮斑，反倒把波动说钉死了</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>数学物理</category><category>电磁学</category></item><item><title>塞西尔·鲍威尔（Cecil Frank Powell）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/powell/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/powell/</guid><description>把照相底片变成粒子探测器的人；他在布里斯托尔带出的乳胶小组 1947 年从宇宙线里认出 π 介子，把它与 μ 子分开；后半生把力气花在帕格沃什与欧洲的合作上</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>亚历山大·普罗霍罗夫（Aleksandr M. Prokhorov）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/prokhorov/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/prokhorov/</guid><description>生在澳大利亚的苏联物理学家，两度负伤后回到实验室，和学生巴索夫一起开创了量子电子学</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>光学</category></item><item><title>路德维希·普朗特（Ludwig Prandtl）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/prandtl/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/prandtl/</guid><description>用一篇八页的会议报告把流体分成「贴壁一薄层」与「外面的理想流体」，从此有了边界层、升力线与现代空气动力学</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>力学</category><category>数学物理</category></item><item><title>迪迪埃·奎洛兹（Didier Queloz）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/queloz/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/queloz/</guid><description>博士生第二年，他手里的数据说有一颗行星四天绕一圈——而这不该发生</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>伊西多·拉比（Isidor Isaac Rabi）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/rabi/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/rabi/</guid><description>他把「测一个物理量」换成了「测一个频率」——这一手撑起了核磁共振、MRI 与原子钟</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category><category>量子力学</category></item><item><title>钱三强（Qian Sanqiang (Tsien San-Tsiang)）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/qian-sanqiang/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/qian-sanqiang/</guid><description>约里奥-居里夫妇的中国学生；1946 年在巴黎从一张别人没解释的照片里看出铀核会裂成三块，与何泽慧等人用照相乳胶测出三分裂与四分裂；回国后组建中国的原子能研究所</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>布鲁诺·庞蒂科夫（Bruno Pontecorvo）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/pontecorvo/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/pontecorvo/</guid><description>费米罗马小组里最年轻的一员，一辈子追着中微子：先说它抓得住，再说它有两种，最后说它会在路上变身</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>钱德拉塞卡拉·文卡塔·拉曼（Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/raman/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/raman/</guid><description>白天在殖民地政府管账，晚上借别人的实验室做光散射——十年后用一盏汞灯在分子上刻出了指纹</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>光学</category><category>量子力学</category></item><item><title>雷蒙德·戴维斯（Raymond Davis Jr.）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/ray-davis/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/ray-davis/</guid><description>在一千五百米深的矿井里守着六百多吨干洗液，每两天等来一个氩原子——等出了困扰物理学三十多年的「太阳中微子问题」</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>瑞利男爵（John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/rayleigh/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/rayleigh/</guid><description>回答了「天为什么是蓝的」，又在小数点第三位上发现了一种新元素</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>光学</category><category>热学与统计</category><category>力学</category></item><item><title>奥斯本·雷诺（Osborne Reynolds）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/reynolds/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/reynolds/</guid><description>往水管里放了一缕染料，看它什么时候突然散开——从此流体有了「层流」与「湍流」两个相，分界由一个没有单位的数决定</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>力学</category><category>热学与统计</category></item><item><title>伯顿·里克特（Burton Richter）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/richter/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/richter/</guid><description>为一台对撞机申请了六年经费，建成两年后用一个周末找到了第四种夸克</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category></item><item><title>罗伯特·威尔逊（Robert Woodrow Wilson）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/robert-wilson/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/robert-wilson/</guid><description>他在加州理工听霍伊尔讲宇宙学，因此更喜欢稳恒态；几年后，他和同事测到的那片噪声亲手把稳恒态送走了</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>伯恩哈德·黎曼（Bernhard Riemann）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/riemann/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/riemann/</guid><description>前一天中午才临时定下的一场就职演讲，全篇只写出一个公式，却备齐了六十一年后广义相对论要用的全部几何语言；讲稿在他死后两年才发表</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>相对论</category><category>数学物理</category></item><item><title>威廉·伦琴（Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/roentgen/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/roentgen/</guid><description>拍下妻子的手骨，人类第一次看见活人的身体内部</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>电磁学</category><category>光学</category></item><item><title>亚当·里斯（Adam G. Riess）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/riess/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/riess/</guid><description>二十七岁在笔记本上算出一个负的质量密度，然后花两星期找自己的错，没找到</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>弗雷德里克·雷恩斯（Frederick Reines）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/reines/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/reines/</guid><description>别人算出「原则上无法观测」，他把它当成了一份工程规格</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category></item><item><title>卡洛·鲁比亚（Carlo Rubbia）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/rubbia/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/rubbia/</guid><description>把一台现成的加速器改造成对撞机，两年后从里面捞出了 W 和 Z</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category></item><item><title>韦拉·鲁宾（Vera Rubin）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/rubin/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/rubin/</guid><description>她量出星系转得太快，宇宙里绝大部分东西因此被证明是看不见的</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>欧内斯特·卢瑟福（Ernest Rutherford）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/rutherford/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/rutherford/</guid><description>第一个看见原子核、也第一个改造原子的人</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>安德烈·萨哈罗夫（Andrei Sakharov）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/sakharov/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/sakharov/</guid><description>造出苏联氢弹的人，后来成了苏联最著名的异见者</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>约翰·施里弗（J. Robert Schrieffer）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/schrieffer/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/schrieffer/</guid><description>在纽约的地铁上写下了那个描述全体电子对的波函数——BCS 理论的最后一块拼图，当时他是个还没毕业的研究生</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>凝聚态</category><category>量子力学</category></item><item><title>阿瑟·肖洛（Arthur L. 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Smoot）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/smoot/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/smoot/</guid><description>从 U-2 侦察机上量出地球在宇宙里的速度，又用 COBE 在十万分之一的起伏里找到了星系的种子</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>威廉·肖克利（William Shockley）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/shockley/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/shockley/</guid><description>点接触管是别人在他不在场时做出来的——他用一个月把这口气变成了结型晶体管，又用三十年把自己的名声亲手拆光</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>凝聚态</category><category>量子力学</category></item><item><title>阿诺德·索末菲（Arnold Sommerfeld）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/sommerfeld/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/sommerfeld/</guid><description>史上最伟大的物理导师——门下诺奖成群，自己却一次未得</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>量子力学</category><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>维勒布罗德·斯涅尔（Willebrord Snellius (Snel van Royen)）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/snell/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/snell/</guid><description>用教堂尖塔搭起一张三角网量出地球，又在一份没出版的手稿里写下折射定律的莱顿数学教授</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>光学</category><category>数学物理</category><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>约瑟夫·斯特藩（Josef Stefan）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/stefan/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/stefan/</guid><description>从别人的旧数据里读出「热辐射正比于温度四次方」，又教出了玻尔兹曼的维也纳物理学家</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>热学与统计</category><category>电磁学</category></item><item><title>保罗·斯坦哈特（Paul Steinhardt）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/steinhardt/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/steinhardt/</guid><description>多重宇宙的第一个例子是他给出的，三十多年后他成了它最猛烈的反对者；中间他还造了一个词，叫「准晶」</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category><category>凝聚态</category></item><item><title>奥托·施特恩（Otto Stern）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/stern/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/stern/</guid><description>为了推翻量子论而设计的实验，成了量子论最漂亮的证据</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>量子力学</category><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>乔治·加布里埃尔·斯托克斯（George Gabriel Stokes）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/stokes/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/stokes/</guid><description>把黏性写进流体方程的人，也是「荧光」一词的造词者；剑桥卢卡斯讲席在他手里坐了 54 年</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>力学</category><category>光学</category><category>数学物理</category></item><item><title>霍斯特·施特默（Horst L. 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Tamm）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/tamm/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/tamm/</guid><description>把晶格振动量子化成「声子」，解释了切连科夫的蓝光，第一个用粒子交换去算核力；又领着萨哈罗夫造出苏联氢弹、想出托卡马克</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category><category>原子与核物理</category><category>凝聚态</category></item><item><title>丁肇中（Samuel Chao Chung Ting）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/ting/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/ting/</guid><description>把分辨率做到极致的实验家，也是最不肯替理论背书的那一个</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category></item><item><title>戴维·索利斯（David J. Thouless）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/thouless/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/thouless/</guid><description>相变一定伴随对称性破缺——他找到了一类什么对称性都不破缺的相变</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>凝聚态</category><category>数学物理</category></item><item><title>基普·索恩（Kip Stephen Thorne）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/thorne/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/thorne/</guid><description>花了四十年把「引力波长什么样」算出来，好让机器认得出它</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>相对论</category><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>朝永振一郎（Sin-Itiro Tomonaga）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/tomonaga/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/tomonaga/</guid><description>在被炸成废墟的东京，他把量子电动力学里的无穷大消掉了</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>量子力学</category><category>粒子物理</category></item><item><title>查尔斯·汤斯（Charles Hard Townes）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/townes/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/townes/</guid><description>在公园长椅上想通了受激辐射怎么放大，同事让他别再浪费经费</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>光学</category><category>量子力学</category></item><item><title>崔琦（Daniel C. Tsui）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/tsui/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/tsui/</guid><description>少年时离开河南的村子，再没见过父母；四十二岁时在一块半导体上看到三分之一，脱口喊了一声「夸克」</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>凝聚态</category></item><item><title>李政道（Tsung-Dao Lee）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/tsung-dao-lee/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/tsung-dao-lee/</guid><description>打破宇称之镜、又为千名学子造桥的「神童博士」</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category><category>热学与统计</category></item><item><title>约翰内斯·范德瓦尔斯（Johannes Diderik van der Waals）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/van-der-waals/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/van-der-waals/</guid><description>他在理想气体定律上改了两处，气体和液体从此成了同一种东西</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>热学与统计</category><category>凝聚态</category></item><item><title>克劳斯·冯·克利青（Klaus von Klitzing）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/von-klitzing/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/von-klitzing/</guid><description>一个凌晨两点的测量，后来变成了全世界电阻的定义</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>凝聚态</category></item><item><title>冯·诺伊曼（John von Neumann）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/von-neumann/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/von-neumann/</guid><description>给量子力学写下第一份严格的数学地基，也给计算机写下了沿用至今的体系结构</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>量子力学</category><category>数学物理</category></item><item><title>欧内斯特·沃尔顿（Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/walton/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/walton/</guid><description>搭起倍压高压塔、第一个看见锂核被打碎的闪光，随后回到都柏林教了四十年书</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>王淦昌（Wang Ganchang (Kan-Chang Wang)）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/wang-ganchang/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/wang-ganchang/</guid><description>1941 年在遵义写信给《物理评论》，提议用 K 电子俘获把中微子的「三体」难题变成「二体」；后来在杜布纳找到反西格玛负超子，又化名王京十七年</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category><category>粒子物理</category></item><item><title>亚历山德罗·伏打（Alessandro Volta）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/volta/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/volta/</guid><description>为了证明青蛙腿里没有电，他造出了人类第一个稳定电源</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>电磁学</category></item><item><title>威廉·韦伯（Wilhelm Eduard Weber）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/weber/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/weber/</guid><description>高斯在哥廷根的搭档，量出了电磁学里那个等于光速的常数</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>电磁学</category></item><item><title>史蒂文·温伯格（Steven Weinberg）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/weinberg/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/weinberg/</guid><description>把弱力与电磁力写进同一条方程的人</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>雷纳·韦斯（Rainer Weiss）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/weiss/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/weiss/</guid><description>一道给学生出的习题，变成了人类最灵敏的一把尺</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>相对论</category><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>赫尔曼·外尔（Hermann Weyl）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/weyl/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/weyl/</guid><description>他 1918 年造的那个词——「规范」——描述的理论是错的；十一年后他把它改对了，从此成为全部基本相互作用的语法</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>数学物理</category><category>相对论</category><category>量子力学</category></item><item><title>威廉·亨利·布拉格（William Henry Bragg）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/wh-bragg/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/wh-bragg/</guid><description>四十一岁才写第一篇论文，五十岁用自己造的仪器推翻了自己坚持多年的看法，然后把一座实验室交给了下一代晶体学家</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>凝聚态</category><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>约翰·阿奇博尔德·惠勒（John Archibald Wheeler）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/wheeler/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/wheeler/</guid><description>给黑洞命名、让宇宙学会「自指」的物理学家</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>相对论</category><category>天体与宇宙学</category><category>量子力学</category><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>卡尔·威曼（Carl E. Wieman）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/wieman/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/wieman/</guid><description>他用便宜一百倍的二极管激光做成了别人用大装置追了二十年的事；拿到诺贝尔奖之后，他把同一套实验方法转过来对准了大学课堂</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category><category>光学</category></item><item><title>威廉·维恩（Wilhelm Wien）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/wien/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/wien/</guid><description>因成绩太差被中学劝退、回家种了四年地的农场主之子——他用一个想象中的镜面圆筒，把黑体辐射这道四十年的难题压掉了一半</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>热学与统计</category><category>光学</category><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>尤金·维格纳（Eugene Wigner）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/wigner/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/wigner/</guid><description>一种基本粒子是什么？他的答案是：时空对称群的一个不可约表示——质量与自旋不是测出来的属性，是分类的标签</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>数学物理</category><category>粒子物理</category><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>弗兰克·维尔切克（Frank Wilczek）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/wilczek/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/wilczek/</guid><description>二十一岁算出那个负号的研究生；此后他又给物理学添了轴子、任意子与时间晶体三样新东西</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category><category>凝聚态</category></item><item><title>威廉·吉尔伯特（William Gilbert）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/william-gilbert/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/william-gilbert/</guid><description>把一块磁石磨成小地球，证明脚下的大地本身就是一块大磁石</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>电磁学</category></item><item><title>托马斯·杨（Thomas Young）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/young/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/young/</guid><description>用一束阳光和一张卡片推翻牛顿，业余还破译了古埃及文字</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>光学</category><category>力学</category></item><item><title>杨振宁（Chen-Ning Yang）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/yang/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/yang/</guid><description>让对称性成为物理定律源头的人</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category><category>数学物理</category><category>热学与统计</category></item><item><title>彼得·塞曼（Pieter Zeeman）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/zeeman/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/zeeman/</guid><description>趁导师休假把钠焰塞进电磁铁的助教——谱线变宽的那两三倍里，藏着人类第一次称量到的电子</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>光学</category><category>电磁学</category></item><item><title>爱德华·威滕（Edward Witten）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/witten/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/witten/</guid><description>唯一拿过菲尔兹奖的物理学家——数学界给他发奖，因为他的物理推进了数学</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category><category>数学物理</category></item><item><title>汤川秀树（Hideki Yukawa）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/yukawa/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/yukawa/</guid><description>为了解释原子核为什么不散架，他凭空造出一种当时谁也没见过的粒子</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>安东·蔡林格（Anton Zeilinger）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/zeilinger/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/zeilinger/</guid><description>把纠缠从「用来检验理论的现象」变成「可以拿来用的资源」</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>量子力学</category></item><item><title>弗里茨·兹威基（Fritz Zwicky）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/zwicky/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/physicists/zwicky/</guid><description>三十年代就说出了暗物质、中子星、超新星和引力透镜，四样都被忽视</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>绝对温标（1848）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/absolute-temperature-scale/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/absolute-temperature-scale/</guid><description>摄氏度的零点是水结冰，纯属人为约定。开尔文把零点挪到了「不能再冷」的那一点，温度从此有了真正的原点。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>热学与统计</category></item><item><title>宇宙的加速膨胀（1998）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/accelerating-universe/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/accelerating-universe/</guid><description>两队人马各自去量宇宙减速得有多快，结果远处的超新星比该有的暗。膨胀没有减速，它在加速——今天宇宙里三分之二的东西，就是从这个「暗」字里冒出来的。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>绝热不变量与绝热原理（1916）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/adiabatic-invariants/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/adiabatic-invariants/</guid><description>把单摆的摆线慢慢缩短，能量会变，能量与频率之比却不变。埃伦费斯特把这个老结论变成旧量子论的选择标准：能被量子化的，只能是在缓慢变化中保持不变的作用量 J。它后来长成量子力学的绝热定理、磁约束里的磁矩不变量、贝里相位与绝热量子计算。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>量子力学</category></item><item><title>安德森局域化（1958）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/anderson-localization/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/anderson-localization/</guid><description>只要无序足够强，波就不再传播——它被困在原地，指数地衰减。这对电子、光、声音一律成立。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>凝聚态</category></item><item><title>电流之间的作用力（1820）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/ampere-law/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/ampere-law/</guid><description>两根通电的导线会互相吸引或排斥——磁不是独立的东西，它可以完全由电流之间的作用来描述。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>电磁学</category></item><item><title>反质子的发现（1955）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/antiproton-discovery/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/antiproton-discovery/</guid><description>伯克利的 Bevatron 专为它定了能量。张伯伦、塞格雷、维甘德与伊普西兰蒂斯用磁铁定动量、用飞行时间与切连科夫计数器定速度，从四万多个 π 介子里挑出质量等于质子、电荷相反的粒子——反物质不只属于电子。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category></item><item><title>人工核蜕变（1932）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/artificial-disintegration/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/artificial-disintegration/</guid><description>按经典算法要上百万伏才能撞进原子核，量子隧穿说几十万伏就够。1932 年，12.5 万伏的人造质子把锂核打成两个氦核——原子核第一次被完全人工加速的粒子改变，放出的能量与质量的减少大致相符。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>人工放射性（1934）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/artificial-radioactivity/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/artificial-radioactivity/</guid><description>以前的核反应都在轰击的那一瞬间完成，这一次，拿走钋源以后铝箔还在放射。放射性从此不再只是三十来种天然物质的专利，人第一次能按需造出放射性元素。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>渐近自由（1973）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/asymptotic-freedom/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/asymptotic-freedom/</guid><description>一切已知的力都是越近越强，强相互作用偏偏相反——夸克靠得越近，彼此越是自由。这个负号让强相互作用第一次变得可以计算。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category></item><item><title>大气压与托里拆利真空（1644）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/atmospheric-pressure/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/atmospheric-pressure/</guid><description>一根灌满水银倒插进盆里的玻璃管，水银落到七十多厘米就停住，管顶留下一段空——托里拆利说，托住它的不是「自然对真空的厌恶」，而是头顶一整片「空气之海」的重量。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>力学</category></item><item><title>原子核的发现（1911）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/atomic-nucleus/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/atomic-nucleus/</guid><description>原子不是均匀的实心小球——它的正电荷与几乎全部质量，都蜷缩在一个只有原子约十万分之一大小的核里。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>分子假说（阿伏伽德罗定律）（1811）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/avogadro-hypothesis/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/avogadro-hypothesis/</guid><description>同温同压下同体积的气体含有同样多的分子，而氢、氧这样的单质分子化合时可以一分为二——1811 年这两条假设让体积比直接变成了分子式；它被搁置近半个世纪，1860 年前后才经坎尼扎罗之手统一了原子量。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>热学与统计</category></item><item><title>原子序数与莫塞莱定律（1913）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/atomic-number/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/atomic-number/</guid><description>元素特征 X 射线频率的平方根，随周期表里的座次一格一格等距上升——化学家排表用的序号，由此成了原子核上的电荷数。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>重子不对称（1967）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/baryon-asymmetry/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/baryon-asymmetry/</guid><description>大爆炸本该产生等量的物质与反物质，湮灭后什么也不剩。我们存在，说明有过一个十亿分之一的偏差。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category></item><item><title>BCS 超导理论（1957）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/bcs-theory/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/bcs-theory/</guid><description>电子本该互相排斥，却在晶格的撮合下两两结成对、凝聚为一个宏观量子态——困扰物理学近半个世纪的零电阻之谜，答案是「电子不再单独行动」。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>凝聚态</category></item><item><title>贝尔不等式（1964）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/bell-inequality/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/bell-inequality/</guid><description>贝尔证明任何局域隐变量理论对纠缠粒子关联的预测都有上限，量子力学会越过它——一场关于量子力学完备性的哲学论战，从此变成可以判决的实验。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>量子力学</category></item><item><title>阿秒光脉冲（2001）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/attosecond-pulses/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/attosecond-pulses/</guid><description>原子里的电子绕核一圈约一百五十阿秒。要给这种运动拍照，快门必须比它更快——而世界上最快的快门只能是光本身。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>光学</category></item><item><title>能带理论（1928）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/band-theory/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/band-theory/</guid><description>为什么铜导电、玻璃绝缘、硅介于两者之间？答案是电子在晶体里的能量被分成一条条允许的带，中间隔着禁区。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>凝聚态</category></item><item><title>贝尔实验（1972）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/bell-test-experiments/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/bell-test-experiments/</guid><description>贝尔把哲学问题变成了实验题，但没人愿意做——直到一个想推翻量子力学的年轻人，用储藏室里翻出来的旧零件，数了两百小时的光子。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>量子力学</category></item><item><title>伯努利原理（1738）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/bernoulli-principle/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/bernoulli-principle/</guid><description>流得快的地方压强低。这一句把能量守恒写给了流动的水，也写给了后来的空速表、流量计与机翼——代价是它比任何一条物理定律都更常被讲错。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>力学</category></item><item><title>蓝色发光二极管（1993）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/blue-led/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/blue-led/</guid><description>红光与绿光 1960 年代就有了，蓝光卡了三十年——三原色缺这一个，就拼不出白光，也就点不亮全世界的灯。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>凝聚态</category></item><item><title>脉冲双星与引力辐射（1974）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/binary-pulsar/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/binary-pulsar/</guid><description>一颗每秒转 17 圈的中子星绕着另一颗中子星飞，轨道每年缩小约 3.5 米——缩小的速率与广义相对论算出的引力波辐射分毫不差，这是引力波存在的第一个实测证据。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>相对论</category></item><item><title>玻尔原子模型（1913）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/bohr-model/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/bohr-model/</guid><description>电子只能占据一系列分立的定态轨道，跃迁时把能量差一次性打包成一份光——原子的稳定与光谱的密码就此破解。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>量子力学</category></item><item><title>波函数的概率诠释（1926）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/born-rule/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/born-rule/</guid><description>波函数不是任何实在的波，它的模平方给出的是概率——量子力学从此只预言可能性，而每一次预言都准得惊人。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>量子力学</category></item><item><title>玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的实现（1995）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/bose-einstein-condensate/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/bose-einstein-condensate/</guid><description>爱因斯坦 1925 年算出：气体冷到足够低，原子会一起跌进同一个量子态。他自己都不太信——「这理论很漂亮，可里面究竟有没有一点真东西呢？」七十年后，答案在一张吸收像的正中长成了一个又窄又亮的峰。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>玻色-爱因斯坦统计与玻色子（1924）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/bose-einstein-statistics/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/bose-einstein-statistics/</guid><description>玻色提出一种新的计数方式，让普朗克定律从统计规则里自然长出；爱因斯坦把它推广到原子，预言了低温下所有粒子坠入同一状态的奇异凝聚。整数自旋的粒子，从此有了共同的名字——玻色子。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>量子力学</category></item><item><title>边界层（1904）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/boundary-layer/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/boundary-layer/</guid><description>黏性再小，也在紧贴物面的一薄层里决定一切。普朗特一篇八页的报告把流体力学切成两块——层外按理想流体算，层内保留黏性——理论与实验之间一百五十年的裂缝由此合拢。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>力学</category></item><item><title>布朗运动与原子的实在性（1908）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/brownian-motion/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/brownian-motion/</guid><description>显微镜下悬浮微粒永不停歇的颤动，被爱因斯坦算成了一条可检验的定律 \langle x^2\rangle = 2Dt；佩兰 1908 年起用它和沉降平衡数出了阿伏伽德罗常数，原子从「方便的假设」变成了可以计数的东西。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>热学与统计</category></item><item><title>气泡室（1952）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/bubble-chamber/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/bubble-chamber/</guid><description>把液体加热到沸点以上却不让它沸腾，再让一个带电粒子穿过去——它走过的路会冒出一串气泡。这一招让粒子物理从等宇宙线变成了在加速器旁成批拍照，也让共振态一个接一个地露出面目。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category></item><item><title>浮力原理（约前250）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/buoyancy-principle/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/buoyancy-principle/</guid><description>浸在液体里的物体，会被托起一个力，大小等于它排开的那部分液体的重量。阿基米德在《论浮体》里从一条关于液体受压的公设把它证了出来；浴盆和王冠的故事，是两百年后一位罗马建筑师讲的。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>力学</category></item><item><title>卡诺循环与热机的极限（1824）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/carnot-cycle/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/carnot-cycle/</guid><description>任何热机能榨出的功都有一个上限，它只由冷热两端的温度决定，与机器怎么造、烧什么、用什么工质统统无关。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>热学与统计</category></item><item><title>称量地球（1798）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/cavendish-experiment/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/cavendish-experiment/</guid><description>牛顿写下引力定律一百一十一年后，才有人在一间封闭的房间里量出了两个铅球之间的吸引力。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>力学</category></item><item><title>造父变星周光关系（1912）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/cepheid-period-luminosity/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/cepheid-period-luminosity/</guid><description>一颗星的真实亮度可以从它的闪烁周期读出来。人类由此第一次有了能伸出银河系的尺子。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>钱德拉塞卡极限（1930）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/chandrasekhar-limit/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/chandrasekhar-limit/</guid><description>恒星死后会安静地冷却，还是塌陷成一个连光都出不来的东西，取决于一个数字——约 1.44 倍太阳质量。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>切连科夫辐射（1934）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/cherenkov-radiation/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/cherenkov-radiation/</guid><description>带电粒子在水里跑得比水中的光还快时，会像超音速飞机拖出激波那样拖出一圈蓝光——1934 年一位研究生用暗适应的眼睛认出它不是荧光，1937 年塔姆与弗兰克用经典电动力学算出了它，后来它成了看见中微子的眼睛。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category></item><item><title>啁啾脉冲放大（1985）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/chirped-pulse-amplification/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/chirped-pulse-amplification/</guid><description>脉冲越短越强，可强到一定程度就会把放大它的玻璃打坏。罗切斯特的办法是先把脉冲拉长、放大、再压回去——一招借自雷达，把强场物理从国家实验室搬上了大学的光学平台。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>光学</category></item><item><title>地球气候的物理模型（1967）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/climate-models/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/climate-models/</guid><description>天气两周之外就测不准，气候却能算到下个世纪——因为两者根本不是同一类问题：一个由初始条件决定，一个由能量收支决定。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>热学与统计</category></item><item><title>云室（1911）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/cloud-chamber/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/cloud-chamber/</guid><description>为了在实验室里复现山顶上的彩虹，他造了一台造云的机器；十六年后，这台机器让人第一次亲眼看见单个粒子走过的路。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>COBE：黑体谱与各向异性（1992）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/cmb-anisotropy/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/cmb-anisotropy/</guid><description>一颗卫星先证明宇宙微波背景是近乎完美的黑体，又在它身上找到了十万分之一的冷热起伏——那是星系的种子，宇宙学从此成了一门精密科学。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>康普顿效应（1923）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/compton-effect/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/compton-effect/</guid><description>X 射线撞上电子后波长变长了。波动说算不出这个变化——光子必须带有动量，它确实是粒子。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>量子力学</category></item><item><title>能量守恒定律（1847）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/conservation-of-energy/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/conservation-of-energy/</guid><description>热、光、电、运动、化学反应——它们是同一样东西换的不同面孔，而这样东西的总量永不改变。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>热学与统计</category></item><item><title>库珀对（1956）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/cooper-pairs/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/cooper-pairs/</guid><description>在真空里拴不住两个粒子的微弱吸引，放到费米海上面却一定能让两个电子成对。这一页讲的是那个两电子问题本身，以及「配对」后来如何从金属走进原子核、氦-3、中子星和冷原子云。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>凝聚态</category></item><item><title>宇宙暴胀（1981）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/cosmic-inflation/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/cosmic-inflation/</guid><description>大爆炸之后约 10^{-35} 秒，空间在一瞬间翻了不止 10^{26} 倍。宇宙为什么这么平、为什么处处一样、星系的种子从哪来——三个问题被同一个机制一次答完。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>宇宙微波背景（1965）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/cosmic-microwave-background/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/cosmic-microwave-background/</guid><description>两个工程师清理了天线里的鸽子粪，噪声还在。那是宇宙三十八万岁时发出的光，冷却到了 2.7 开尔文。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>库仑定律（1785）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/coulomb-law/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/coulomb-law/</guid><description>用一根细丝的扭转角，第一次量出了两个电荷之间的力有多大——电学从此可以计算。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>电磁学</category></item><item><title>CP 破坏（1964）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/cp-violation/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/cp-violation/</guid><description>一个本想把上限压低的实验，在长寿命 K 介子里看到了本该被禁止的衰变——物质与反物质第一次在定律层面上分出了彼此。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category></item><item><title>回旋加速器（1931）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/cyclotron/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/cyclotron/</guid><description>与其用一次高压把粒子推到高能，不如用磁场把它卷成螺旋，让它在同一个小小的缝隙里被推上千次——桌面大小的机器，从此能打开原子核。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>暗物质（1970）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/dark-matter/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/dark-matter/</guid><description>星系转得太快，靠看得见的物质拉不住。宇宙里约五分之四的物质不发光、不反光，至今没人知道它是什么。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>固体比热与声子（1912）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/debye-specific-heat/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/debye-specific-heat/</guid><description>杜隆-珀蒂定律在低温下失效，爱因斯坦用量子解释了它为何下降，德拜换上整块晶体的振动谱，才算对了那个 T^{3}。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>凝聚态</category></item><item><title>狄拉克方程与反物质（1928）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/dirac-equation/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/dirac-equation/</guid><description>为了让量子力学服从狭义相对论而写下的方程，让电子自旋自然涌现，并预言了一个镜像的反物质世界。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category></item><item><title>多普勒效应（1842）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/doppler-effect/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/doppler-effect/</guid><description>波源与观者一旦相对运动，接收到的频率就变了——这条两页纸的结论，后来成了人类测量宇宙的那把尺子。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>光学</category></item><item><title>地球是一块大磁石（1600）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/earth-as-magnet/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/earth-as-magnet/</guid><description>罗盘为什么指北？吉尔伯特把磁石磨成小地球，拿小针在上面走一遍，水手在海上见到的指北与下倾全都重现——拉住磁针的不是天，也不是北方的磁山，而是脚下的大地。这块「大磁石」从哪来，又花了三百多年。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>电磁学</category></item><item><title>双缝干涉（1801）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/double-slit-experiment/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/double-slit-experiment/</guid><description>亮加亮等于暗——一束阳光和一张卡片推翻了牛顿的光粒子说，两百年后又成了量子力学最深的那口井。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>光学</category></item><item><title>1919 年日食观测（1919）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/eclipse-1919/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/eclipse-1919/</guid><description>战争刚结束，英国人带着望远镜去非洲和南美，证明一个德国人是对的。爱因斯坦一夜成名。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>相对论</category></item><item><title>电磁感应（1831）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/electromagnetic-induction/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/electromagnetic-induction/</guid><description>变化的磁场能凭空生出电流——人类从此不必依赖电池，可以源源不断地制造电。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>电磁学</category></item><item><title>电流的磁效应（1820）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/electromagnetism-discovery/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/electromagnetism-discovery/</guid><description>一节课上，通电导线旁边的指南针动了一下。此后十一年，电动机与发电机相继出现。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>电磁学</category></item><item><title>电弱统一理论（1967）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/electroweak-unification/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/electroweak-unification/</guid><description>温伯格把弱相互作用与电磁相互作用写进同一个规范框架，并预言了 W、Z 玻色子的质量——两种看似无关的自然力，原来共享同一个源头。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category></item><item><title>电子的发现（1897）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/electron-discovery/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/electron-discovery/</guid><description>两千三百年来「不可分」的原子，被一根真空玻璃管掰下了一块——比它自己轻两千倍的一块。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>熵与热力学第二定律（1865）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/entropy-concept/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/entropy-concept/</guid><description>能量守恒管得了「多少」，却管不了「往哪个方向」——熵给了不可逆一个可以计算的名字，也给了时间一个方向。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>热学与统计</category></item><item><title>电磁场理论（1865）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/electromagnetic-theory/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/electromagnetic-theory/</guid><description>一组方程把电、磁、光收进同一座屋檐——光本身就是电磁波，而更长与更短的波段里，藏着整个无线时代。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>电磁学</category></item><item><title>理想流体的运动方程（1757）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/euler-fluid-equations/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/euler-fluid-equations/</guid><description>牛顿定律写给一小团流体，就得到这组方程。它非线性，因此从一支香烟的烟柱到整条湾流都由它管——而它的解至今没人能证明总是存在。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>力学</category></item><item><title>第一颗围绕类太阳恒星的行星（1995）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/exoplanet-51-pegasi/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/exoplanet-51-pegasi/</guid><description>一颗木星量级的行星贴着恒星四天转一圈——这在太阳系里根本不该存在，却让「别处有没有行星」第一次有了答案。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>泡利不相容原理（1925）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/exclusion-principle/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/exclusion-principle/</guid><description>两个电子不能占据同一个量子态——正是这条微观世界的「禁令」，撑起了元素周期表、化学键，也撑起了白矮星。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>量子力学</category></item><item><title>傅科摆（1851）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/foucault-pendulum/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/foucault-pendulum/</guid><description>哥白尼之后三百年，人类第一次能站在原地、用肉眼直接看见地球在自转。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>力学</category></item><item><title>傅里叶分析（1822）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/fourier-analysis/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/fourier-analysis/</guid><description>为算清热怎么在铁棒里传，他把任何形状拆成正弦波的叠加。两百年后，量子力学、核磁共振与 MP3 用的都是这一招。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>数学物理</category></item><item><title>精细结构与精细结构常数（1916）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/fine-structure/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/fine-structure/</guid><description>玻尔模型把每根谱线算成一根，光谱却显示它其实是紧挨着的几根。索末菲放开圆轨道、加入相对论修正，解释了这个「精细结构」，也顺手写下物理学最著名的纯数字——α≈1/137。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>量子力学</category></item><item><title>分数量子霍尔效应（1982）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/fractional-quantum-hall-effect/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/fractional-quantum-hall-effect/</guid><description>本想在强磁场里找电子结成的晶体，却在填满三分之一的地方看到一个平台。电子没有结晶，而是跳起了一支集体的舞，从中冒出来的激发只带三分之一个电子电荷。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>凝聚态</category></item><item><title>弗兰克-赫兹实验（1914）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/franck-hertz-experiment/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/franck-hertz-experiment/</guid><description>电子穿过汞蒸气，能量每攒够约 4.9 电子伏就被原子整份吸走，汞随之只发出 253.7 纳米一条紫外线——两人起初把它当成电离，几年后它成了原子只有分立能级的第一个直接电学证据。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>宇宙在膨胀（1929）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/expanding-universe/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/expanding-universe/</guid><description>星系退行的速度与它的距离成正比——宇宙不是一座静止的舞台，它正在整体变大，而这意味着它有一个开端。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>夫琅禾费谱线（1814）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/fraunhofer-lines/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/fraunhofer-lines/</guid><description>太阳光谱里有几百条极细的暗线。它们最初只是一家巴伐利亚玻璃厂的质检标尺，四十五年后变成了人类化验远方星辰的唯一手段。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>光学</category></item><item><title>自由落体定律与惯性（1638）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/free-fall-and-inertia/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/free-fall-and-inertia/</guid><description>轻重不同的物体在没有阻力时同样快地落下，落下的距离与时间的平方成正比；不受干扰的运动会一直持续下去——伽利略用斜面、水钟与一个思想实验拆掉了两千年的落体理论，惯性则经伽利略的「水平」、笛卡尔的直线，到牛顿写成第一定律。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>力学</category></item><item><title>高斯定律与绝对单位（1832）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/gauss-law/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/gauss-law/</guid><description>把库仑的平方反比律翻译成一条关于闭合曲面的几何陈述；又第一次用毫米、毫克、秒把磁场量成一个数。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>电磁学</category></item><item><title>广义相对论（1915）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/general-relativity/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/general-relativity/</guid><description>引力不是一种力，而是质量使时空弯曲的几何效应——行星沿着弯曲时空中「最直的路」运行。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>相对论</category></item><item><title>银河系中心黑洞（2002）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/galactic-center-black-hole/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/galactic-center-black-hole/</guid><description>两个互相较劲的小组各自盯着银河系中心的恒星看了近三十年。一颗十六年绕一圈的星，用开普勒第三定律称出了中心那个看不见的东西：约四百万个太阳，挤在一百二十来个天文单位以内。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>吉布斯自由能（1876）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/gibbs-free-energy/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/gibbs-free-energy/</guid><description>一个反应会不会自发进行，不看它放不放热，看这个量减不减小。化学从此可以计算而不只是试。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>热学与统计</category></item><item><title>石墨烯（2004）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/graphene/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/graphene/</guid><description>理论家把单层石墨当作算石墨的第一步，算了半个世纪；化学家在电镜底下见过它的影子。2004 年起，一层层撕薄的碳片第一次能接上电极、往里灌电子，量出来的电子像没有质量的相对论粒子一样奔跑。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>凝聚态</category></item><item><title>引力波的直接探测（2015）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/gravitational-waves/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/gravitational-waves/</guid><description>十三亿年前两个黑洞并合抖动了时空，2015 年 9 月 14 日，这阵涟漪把两条四公里长的激光臂拉伸了不到质子直径的万分之一——人类第一次听见了引力。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>相对论</category></item><item><title>格林函数与势论（1828）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/greens-function/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/greens-function/</guid><description>先解一个点源的情形，再把任意源看成点源的叠加——一本只卖出 51 份的小册子里的这个策略，成了此后物理学解线性方程的通用办法。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>数学物理</category></item><item><title>霍金辐射与黑洞热力学（1974）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/hawking-radiation/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/hawking-radiation/</guid><description>霍金把量子场论搬进黑洞旁的弯曲时空，算出黑洞有温度、会发光、终将蒸发——引力、量子与热力学在视界边缘第一次握手。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>日心说（1543）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/heliocentrism/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/heliocentrism/</guid><description>把地球从宇宙中心挪到一条普通轨道上。这不是一次观测发现，而是一次视角转换——代价是一千四百年的共识。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>希尔伯特空间（1932）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/hilbert-space/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/hilbert-space/</guid><description>量子态住在哪里？一个无穷维的、带内积的向量空间。矩阵力学与波动力学之所以是同一套理论，是因为它们只是这个空间的两种坐标写法。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>数学物理</category></item><item><title>希格斯机制与质量的起源（1964）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/higgs-mechanism/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/higgs-mechanism/</guid><description>规范对称性不允许传力粒子有质量，可弱力的载体明明很重——让真空自己「选边站」，被藏起来的对称性就把质量还了回来。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category></item><item><title>J/ψ 粒子的发现（1974）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/j-psi-discovery/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/j-psi-discovery/</guid><description>两个方法完全相反的实验，在同一天宣布找到同一个粒子——它窄得离谱，而正是这份「窄」证明了第四种夸克的存在。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category></item><item><title>约瑟夫森效应（1962）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/josephson-effect/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/josephson-effect/</guid><description>两块超导体夹一层薄绝缘层，电子对能整对穿过去，而且不需要加任何电压——驱动这股电流的不是电势差，是两侧量子相位的差。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>凝聚态</category></item><item><title>胡克定律（1678）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/hookes-law/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/hookes-law/</guid><description>拉长多少，就回拉多大的力——一句拉丁文短句，成了整个材料力学的起点。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>力学</category></item><item><title>二维伊辛模型的精确解（1944）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/ising-model/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/ising-model/</guid><description>一个只允许自旋朝上或朝下的方格模型，被精确解出来之后，人们才发现相变附近的世界与所有近似理论说的都不一样。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>热学与统计</category></item><item><title>二维拓扑相变（1973）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/kosterlitz-thouless-transition/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/kosterlitz-thouless-transition/</guid><description>定理说二维世界不可能有长程序，实验里的氦薄膜却照样在某个温度变成超流——答案是这场相变不破坏任何对称性，被拆开的是涡旋。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>凝聚态</category></item><item><title>焦耳-楞次定律（电流的热效应）（1841）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/joule-lenz-law/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/joule-lenz-law/</guid><description>导线发的热与电流的平方、电阻成正比——曼彻斯特与圣彼得堡两地各自量出同一条规律，电炉、保险丝、高压输电与芯片散热都从它算起。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>电磁学</category></item><item><title>克拉默斯-克勒尼希关系（1926）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/kramers-kronig-relations/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/kramers-kronig-relations/</guid><description>一种材料怎样折射光，由它在所有频率上怎样吸收光算定，反过来也一样——两件看似各管各的事，被「响应不能先于原因」绑在了一起。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>光学</category></item><item><title>兰姆位移（1947）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/lamb-shift/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/lamb-shift/</guid><description>狄拉克方程说氢原子的两条能级严丝合缝地重合——只要库仑定律严格成立。1947 年有人用微波量出它们差着一千兆赫，这道缝证明了真空会推动电子。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>量子力学</category></item><item><title>宇宙学标准模型（1984）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/lambda-cdm/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/lambda-cdm/</guid><description>五个百分点是我们认得的物质，二十七个是不发光的暗物质，剩下六十八个是让空间加速膨胀的东西。整部宇宙史，六个数字就写完了。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>激光冷却与囚禁原子（1985）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/laser-cooling/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/laser-cooling/</guid><description>本来用来加热东西的光，也能把原子冷到绝对零度以上百万分之几度——而且实验测出的温度，只有理论允许下限的六分之一。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>激光（1960）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/laser/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/laser/</guid><description>爱因斯坦 1917 年写下受激辐射，三十四年后有人在公园长椅上想通了怎么用它放大光——同事让他别浪费经费。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>光学</category></item><item><title>折射定律（1621）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/law-of-refraction/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/law-of-refraction/</guid><description>入射角与折射角的正弦之比是个常数——这条定律至少被五个人各自找到，又被两套正好相反的物理图像同时推出；光在水里是快是慢，要等两百多年后一根三米长的水管来判。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>光学</category></item><item><title>最小作用量原理（1788）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/least-action-principle/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/least-action-principle/</guid><description>物体不是被力一步步推着走的——它走的是让某个积分取极值的那条路。这个说法后来成了全部物理学的通用语法。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>力学</category></item><item><title>洛伦兹变换与电子论（1904）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/lorentz-transformation/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/lorentz-transformation/</guid><description>为挽救以太而写下的一组坐标变换公式，一年之后被证明是时空本身的语法。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>电磁学</category></item><item><title>物质波（1924）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/matter-waves/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/matter-waves/</guid><description>不只是光——电子乃至一切物质都同时是粒子和波，波长等于普朗克常数除以动量。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>量子力学</category></item><item><title>核力的介子理论（1935）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/meson-theory/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/meson-theory/</guid><description>原子核里挤满了互相排斥的质子却不散架。为了解释这件事，一个二十七岁的日本人凭空造出一种谁也没见过的粒子——十二年后它被找到了。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category></item><item><title>热功当量（1843）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/mechanical-equivalent-of-heat/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/mechanical-equivalent-of-heat/</guid><description>一个啤酒商用桨轮搅了几年的水，量出了功与热之间的汇率——热不是一种流体，是运动。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>热学与统计</category></item><item><title>迈克尔逊-莫雷实验（1887）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/michelson-morley/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/michelson-morley/</guid><description>物理学史上最重要的一次「什么也没测到」。以太由此走向消亡，狭义相对论由此起步。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>光学</category></item><item><title>穆斯堡尔效应（1958）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/mossbauer-effect/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/mossbauer-effect/</guid><description>嵌在晶格里的原子核放出或吸收伽马光子时可以不反冲，谱线窄到相对宽度 10^{-13} 量级——它让人在 22.5 米的楼塔里测出了引力红移，也成了探测物质内部的一把能量尺。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>中微子的探测（1956）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/neutrino-detection/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/neutrino-detection/</guid><description>一种为了保住守恒律而发明的粒子，理论上算出来「原则上无法观测」——二十六年后，两个人守在核反应堆旁边的地下室里，把它抓住了。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category></item><item><title>中微子振荡（1998）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/neutrino-oscillation/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/neutrino-oscillation/</guid><description>太阳中微子少了三分之二，大气里的 μ 中微子从脚下来时少了一半——两笔糊涂账最后指向同一个答案：中微子在飞行中会改变身份，而这要求它有质量。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category></item><item><title>中子的发现（1932）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/neutron-discovery/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/neutron-discovery/</guid><description>一颗不带电的粒子藏在原子核里，二十年没人抓到。抓到它之后，人类只用了十年就打开了核。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>光的色散与反射望远镜（1672）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/newton-optics/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/newton-optics/</guid><description>白光不是纯净的，而是七彩光的混合——一块棱镜揭开了颜色的本性，一面反射镜改写了人类观天的方式。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>光学</category></item><item><title>诺特定理（1918）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/noether-theorem/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/noether-theorem/</guid><description>每一个连续对称性背后都藏着一条守恒律——能量、动量、角动量守恒，原来是同一件事的三个侧面。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>数学物理</category></item><item><title>核裂变的发现（1938）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/nuclear-fission/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/nuclear-fission/</guid><description>全欧洲误读了四年的实验，被一位流亡者在瑞典的雪地里读懂——原子核可以一分为二，并放出两亿电子伏特。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>核磁共振（1946）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/nuclear-magnetic-resonance/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/nuclear-magnetic-resonance/</guid><description>让原子核在磁场里像陀螺一样进动，再用射频「推」它——由此可以认出分子的结构，也可以看见活人的内部。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>量子力学</category></item><item><title>链式反应与第一座核反应堆（1942）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/nuclear-reactor/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/nuclear-reactor/</guid><description>让一次裂变放出的中子去触发下一次裂变——人类第一次点燃、并且控制住了原子核里的火。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>原子核壳层模型（1949）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/nuclear-shell-model/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/nuclear-shell-model/</guid><description>2、8、20、28、50、82、126——这七个数字对应的原子核格外稳定，为什么是它们，二十年没人算得出来。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>欧姆定律（1827）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/ohms-law/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/ohms-law/</guid><description>电流等于电压除以电阻——三个量、一条式子，是此后每一份电路图的第一句话。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>电磁学</category></item><item><title>光纤通信（1966）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/optical-fiber/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/optical-fiber/</guid><description>玻璃不透明不是材料的宿命，而是杂质在作祟——把它提纯到损耗低于 20 dB/km，光就能带着信息在一根玻璃丝里跑遍全球。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>光学</category></item><item><title>光电效应与光量子（1905）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/photoelectric-effect/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/photoelectric-effect/</guid><description>光不是连续的波，而是一份一份的能量包——「光子」概念的诞生，为量子力学劈开了第一道门缝。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>量子力学</category></item><item><title>π 介子的发现（1947）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/pion-discovery/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/pion-discovery/</guid><description>1947 年，布里斯托尔的乳胶小组在高山曝光的底片里看到一个介子停下、又吐出第二个介子：宇宙线里原来有两种介子。被原子核强烈吸收的 π 才是汤川要的核力传递者，十年来被误认的那一个是它的衰变产物 μ 子。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category></item><item><title>行星运动三定律（1609）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/planetary-motion/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/planetary-motion/</guid><description>行星沿椭圆轨道绕太阳运行，近日快、远日慢，周期与轨道大小严格相关——天空第一次服从了精确的数学定律。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>宇称不守恒（1956）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/parity-violation/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/parity-violation/</guid><description>镜子里的物理定律与现实并不相同——弱相互作用分得清左右，一条被视为不证自明的对称就此破碎。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category></item><item><title>正电子的发现（1932）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/positron-discovery/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/positron-discovery/</guid><description>一张宇宙线径迹照片上，有条轨迹朝着错误的方向弯曲——它的质量像电子，电荷却是正的。反物质从方程里的一处尴尬，变成了摆在桌上的照片。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category></item><item><title>原初原子（1931）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/primeval-atom/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/primeval-atom/</guid><description>如果宇宙在膨胀，把时间倒过来放，一切必定曾聚在一点。一位比利时神父由此提出宇宙有个开端——嘲讽者给它取名「大爆炸」。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>脉冲星的发现（1967）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/pulsars/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/pulsars/</guid><description>一串每 1.337 秒重复一次的射电脉冲，稳定得像人造的。它来自一颗直径二十公里、每秒转一圈的中子星。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>量子电动力学与费曼图（1948）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/qed/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/qed/</guid><description>重正化驯服了困扰理论界二十年的无穷大，费曼图把繁复计算变成简笔画——光与物质的相互作用从此成为史上最精确的理论。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category></item><item><title>量子霍尔效应（1980）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/quantum-hall-effect/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/quantum-hall-effect/</guid><description>一个凌晨两点看到的台阶，精度达到十亿分之一，且与材料、形状、杂质全都无关——十年后它成了全世界电阻的标准。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>凝聚态</category></item><item><title>量子隐形传态（1997）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/quantum-teleportation/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/quantum-teleportation/</guid><description>未知的量子态既不能复制也不能读出，却可以被「搬」到远处——代价是原件当场毁掉，而且必须打个电话告诉对方怎么还原。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>量子力学</category></item><item><title>能量子假说（1900）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/quantum-hypothesis/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/quantum-hypothesis/</guid><description>能量不能无限细分，只能一份一份地被发射和吸收，每份大小等于频率乘以新常数 h——量子时代自此开始。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>量子力学</category></item><item><title>准晶（1984）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/quasicrystals/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/quasicrystals/</guid><description>十九世纪的定理说得很死：周期性排列的原子只允许 2、3、4、6 次旋转对称，五次是不可能的。1984 年冬天，一张「不可能」的电子衍射照片与一套算出来的三维彭罗斯拼贴，隔着几百英里对上了号。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>凝聚态</category></item><item><title>夸克模型与八正法（1964）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/quark-model/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/quark-model/</guid><description>把上百种强子整理进对称性表格，再拆成三种带分数电荷的夸克——粒子动物园第一次有了秩序。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category></item><item><title>电磁波的证实（1888）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/radio-waves/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/radio-waves/</guid><description>一道跳在金属环缝隙里的微小火花，把麦克斯韦纸上的预言变成了实物——从此人类拥有了整个无线电频谱。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>电磁学</category></item><item><title>放射性与镭的发现（1898）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/radioactivity/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/radioactivity/</guid><description>某些元素的原子会自发放出射线并持续释放能量——原子并非不可分割的最小单元，它的内部藏着一个全新的世界。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>原子与核物理</category></item><item><title>彩虹的解释（1637）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/rainbow/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/rainbow/</guid><description>阳光在雨滴里折射、反射、再折射，偏转角在某个方向上走到尽头，光线挤成一圈亮弧——笛卡尔用二十几根光线算出了 42° 与 51°，牛顿用色散排出了颜色，而虹下那几道淡淡的附加彩带，要等波动光学才讲得清。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>光学</category></item><item><title>拉曼散射（1928）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/raman-effect/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/raman-effect/</guid><description>一束单色光照进液体，散射光里多出几条新谱线，与原线的间距恰好是分子的振动频率——分子从此有了可以逐条读数的指纹。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>光学</category></item><item><title>瑞利散射（1871）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/rayleigh-scattering/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/rayleigh-scattering/</guid><description>空气分子把短波长的光散得到处都是——所以白天的天空是蓝的，而落日是红的。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>光学</category></item><item><title>重整化群（1971）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/renormalization-group/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/renormalization-group/</guid><description>同一个体系在不同尺度上看起来不一样。搞清楚它怎么随尺度变化，既解释了水与磁铁为何共享同一组临界指数，也说清了量子场论里的无穷大到底是什么。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>热学与统计</category></item><item><title>复本对称破缺（1979）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/replica-symmetry-breaking/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/replica-symmetry-breaking/</guid><description>一块自旋玻璃冻住时，不是落进一个基态，而是落进无穷多个互相嵌套的平衡态——描述它的序参量不是一个数，是一整条函数。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>热学与统计</category></item><item><title>薛定谔方程（1926）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/schrodinger-equation/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/schrodinger-equation/</guid><description>微观世界的运动定律：给定作用在粒子上的势场，它告诉你描述一切可能性的波函数如何随时间演化。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>量子力学</category></item><item><title>施瓦西解（1916）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/schwarzschild-solution/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/schwarzschild-solution/</guid><description>爱因斯坦方程发表一个月后，一位在东线战壕里的天文学家寄来了它的第一个精确解——里面藏着黑洞。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>相对论</category></item><item><title>雷诺实验与雷诺数（1883）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/reynolds-experiment/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/reynolds-experiment/</guid><description>往水管里注一缕染料，它在某个流速下突然散成一团——层流与湍流的分界由一个没有单位的数决定。实验一看就懂，可「湍流在哪儿开始」这个问题花了一百多年才有答案。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>力学</category></item><item><title>二次量子化与早期量子场论（1927）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/second-quantization/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/second-quantization/</guid><description>把场本身当成算符，让粒子可以产生、可以湮灭——光为什么既像波又像粒子、原子为什么会自发发光，从此在同一套语言里得到回答；只是它的名字「二次量子化」，是一个流传至今的误会。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>量子力学</category></item><item><title>奇点定理（1965）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/singularity-theorems/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/singularity-theorems/</guid><description>彭罗斯用拓扑与因果结构证明恒星坍缩必然形成奇点；霍金把论证倒转用于膨胀宇宙，得出大爆炸本身也是广义相对论自身的结论。黑洞与大爆炸不再是假设，而是方程的必然。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>太阳系的稳定性（1785）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/solar-system-stability/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/solar-system-stability/</guid><description>牛顿担心行星的相互摄动会日积月累毁掉太阳系，并推测需要神偶尔校正。拉普拉斯证明那些偏差是有界的振荡——两百年后，计算机又把答案改了回来一半。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>时空（1908）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/spacetime/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/spacetime/</guid><description>把时间当作第四个坐标，狭义相对论的全部内容就压缩成一句话——四维间隔对所有观察者相同。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>相对论</category></item><item><title>狭义相对论（1905）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/special-relativity/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/special-relativity/</guid><description>时间与空间不是绝对的舞台，而会随观察者的运动状态伸缩——光速才是宇宙中唯一的不变量。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>相对论</category></item><item><title>自发对称性破缺（1960）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/spontaneous-symmetry-breaking/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/spontaneous-symmetry-breaking/</guid><description>规律可以是对称的，而世界不必是。南部阳一郎从超导体里看出这一点，把它搬进真空，粒子为什么有质量的答案由此开始成形。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category></item><item><title>熵的统计诠释（1877）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/statistical-entropy/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/statistical-entropy/</guid><description>熵是微观状态数的度量，热力学第二定律由此从铁律变成概率陈述——时间之箭第一次有了微观根源。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>热学与统计</category></item><item><title>斯特藩-玻尔兹曼定律（1879）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/stefan-boltzmann-law/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/stefan-boltzmann-law/</guid><description>黑体每单位面积辐射出的总功率正比于绝对温度的四次方，即 j = \sigma T^4——斯特藩 1879 年从别人的旧数据里读出它，学生玻尔兹曼 1884 年用热力学加光压证明了它。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>热学与统计</category></item><item><title>恒星的能源（1939）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/stellar-nucleosynthesis/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/stellar-nucleosynthesis/</guid><description>太阳为什么能烧四十六亿年而不熄灭？答案是它每秒把四百万吨自己变成光。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>恒星由什么构成（1925）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/stellar-composition/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/stellar-composition/</guid><description>太阳光谱里铁线最多，于是人们以为太阳主要是铁。一位二十五岁的博士生指出：那说明的是温度，不是含量。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>SSH 模型（1979）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/ssh-model/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/ssh-model/</guid><description>聚乙炔的单双键交替有两种排法，两段排法的交界处是一个能跑动的孤子，它带电荷时没有自旋、不带电荷时反而有。后来人们才意识到，这是最简单的拓扑绝缘体。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>凝聚态</category></item><item><title>弦论（1995）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/string-theory/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/string-theory/</guid><description>把点粒子换成一小段振动的弦，引力就自动出现在方程里。代价是需要额外维度，以及至今没有一个可检验的预言。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>数学物理</category></item><item><title>施特恩-格拉赫实验（1922）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/stern-gerlach/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/stern-gerlach/</guid><description>一束银原子穿过不均匀磁场后分成两条，而不是抹成一片——角动量在空间中的取向是量子化的。做实验的人本来是想推翻这个说法的。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>量子力学</category></item><item><title>超导电性的发现（1911）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/superconductivity/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/superconductivity/</guid><description>把汞冷却到 4.2 K，电阻突然降到测不出来——不是很小，而是零。这个意外撞见的现象，为半个世纪后的量子多体理论埋下了一颗最硬的种子。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>凝聚态</category></item><item><title>超流理论与凝聚态范式（1941）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/superfluidity/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/superfluidity/</guid><description>面对亿万个原子，朗道不去逐个求解，而是把整团液体的集体运动量子化成少数「元激发」——既解释了液氦的零粘滞之谜，也为整个凝聚态物理立下了范式。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>凝聚态</category></item><item><title>西拉德引擎与信息的热力学代价（1929）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/szilard-engine/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/szilard-engine/</guid><description>麦克斯韦的小妖只靠「看」和「开门」就能让热从冷处流向热处；西拉德把它削成一个分子的热机，指出获取信息必须付出熵，兰道尔与本内特后来把账单挪到「擦除记忆」上——擦掉一比特至少放出 kT\ln 2 的热，2010 年代的单粒子实验把这笔账量了出来。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>热学与统计</category></item><item><title>视觉入射说与暗箱（约1020）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/theory-of-vision/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/theory-of-vision/</guid><description>我们看见东西，是眼睛向外发出了什么，还是外物有什么进了眼睛？伊本·海什木在《光学之书》里让光从物体上每一点射向眼睛，再用「只取垂直光线」把乱成一团的光排成一一对应的像，并拿暗室、烛光和管子一条条去考验。这套框架在拉丁欧洲讲了四百年，直到开普勒把像挪到了视网膜上。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>光学</category></item><item><title>望远镜下的新宇宙（1610）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/telescope-astronomy/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/telescope-astronomy/</guid><description>伽利略把自制望远镜指向夜空，木星的卫星、月面的环形山与金星的相位第一次用观测证据动摇了千年地心说。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>天体与宇宙学</category></item><item><title>热力学第三定律（1906）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/third-law-of-thermodynamics/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/third-law-of-thermodynamics/</guid><description>化学家想只凭反应热算出反应能走多远，能斯特 1906 年补上了缺的那一条：凝聚态物质的反应，\Delta G 与 \Delta H 两条曲线在绝对零度附近相切。为了验证它而测的低温比热，意外成了量子论最早的实验证据。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>热学与统计</category></item><item><title>三体问题与混沌（1890）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/three-body-problem/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/three-body-problem/</guid><description>一篇获奖论文印好后作者发现自己错了。他自费销毁全部期刊重写，写出的是混沌的第一次数学描述。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>力学</category></item><item><title>拓扑物态（1982）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/topological-phases-of-matter/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/topological-phases-of-matter/</guid><description>量子霍尔平台上的整数不是量出来的，是数出来的——它数的是电子波函数在动量空间里绕了几圈，因此杂质与形状都改不了它。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>凝聚态</category></item><item><title>晶体管的发明（1947）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/transistor/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/transistor/</guid><description>一块锗片、两根金触点，把「以小电流控制大电流」这件事从玻璃管里搬进了固体——从此电子设备可以无限缩小。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>凝聚态</category></item><item><title>矩阵力学与不确定性原理（1927）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/uncertainty-principle/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/uncertainty-principle/</guid><description>位置与动量不可能同时精确——这不是仪器的缺陷，而是自然写在最底层的规则，也是第一个逻辑自洽的量子力学的直接推论。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>量子力学</category></item><item><title>万有引力与运动定律（1687）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/universal-gravitation/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/universal-gravitation/</guid><description>让苹果坠落的力与让行星绕行的力是同一种——天与地第一次服从同一套定律，宇宙成为可以计算的对象。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>力学</category></item><item><title>气液的连续性与状态方程（1873）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/van-der-waals-equation/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/van-der-waals-equation/</guid><description>在理想气体定律上补两项修正，气体与液体第一次成了同一个方程的两个解，临界点也第一次有了理论位置。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>热学与统计</category></item><item><title>伏打电堆（1800）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/voltaic-pile/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/voltaic-pile/</guid><description>锌片、银片、盐水泡过的纸板，叠成一根柱子。人类第一次有了能持续供电的电源，而造它的人只是想赢一场关于青蛙的争论。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>电磁学</category></item><item><title>光的波动说（1690）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/wave-theory-of-light/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/wave-theory-of-light/</guid><description>光不是飞行的微粒，而是介质中一层层推开的波——这个说法输给了牛顿一百年，然后赢了回来。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>光学</category></item><item><title>维恩位移定律（1893）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/wien-displacement-law/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/wien-displacement-law/</guid><description>一个只吸收不反射的物体被加热后，最亮的那条波长乘以绝对温度是个常数——从此看颜色就等于测温度，而黑体辐射这道四十年的难题被砍掉了一半。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>热学与统计</category></item><item><title>外尔费米子（1929）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/weyl-fermions/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/weyl-fermions/</guid><description>质量一旦为零，狄拉克方程就裂成两半，左旋与右旋互不相干。八十六年里没有一种粒子符合它——最后它出现在一块砷化钽晶体里。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category></item><item><title>X 射线晶体学（1913）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/x-ray-crystallography/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/x-ray-crystallography/</guid><description>一个二十二岁的学生把劳厄照片上那些莫名的斑点，读成了原子平面上的反射——从此人类可以数出固体内部每一个原子的位置。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>凝聚态</category></item><item><title>X 射线的发现（1895）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/x-rays/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/x-rays/</guid><description>一块本不该发光的荧光屏在暗室角落亮了起来。六个星期后，人类第一次看见了活人的骨头。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>电磁学</category></item><item><title>杨-米尔斯规范场论（1954）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/yang-mills/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/yang-mills/</guid><description>把对称性从「记账规则」升级为「定律的源头」——要求对称在时空每一点独立成立，传递相互作用的场便自动诞生。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>粒子物理</category></item><item><title>塞曼效应（1896）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/zeeman-effect/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/zeeman-effect/</guid><description>把一团火焰放进磁铁，谱线就裂开——裂缝的宽度里写着发光粒子的荷质比，也写着太阳黑子里的磁场有多强。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>光学</category></item><item><title>基本粒子的对称性分类（1939）</title><link>https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/wigner-classification/</link><guid isPermaLink="true">https://physicist.bigcow.net/discoveries/wigner-classification/</guid><description>「一种基本粒子」到底是什么？维格纳给了一个不依赖任何模型的答案：它是时空对称群的一个不可约表示，由质量与自旋两个数完全标定。</description><pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:04:45 GMT</pubDate><category>数学物理</category></item></channel></rss>